Assignment Code: BEGC-131 / TMA / 2021 - 22

Course Code: BEGC-131

Assignment Name: Individual and Society

Year: 2021-2022

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

Answer all questions in this assignment.

SECTION A

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions in your own words. 5 x 2=10

The climate of an area includes seasonal temperature and rainfall averages, and wind patterns. Different places have different climates. A desert, for example, is referred to as an arid climate because little waterfalls, as rain or snow, during the year. Other types of climate include tropical climates, which are hot and humid, and temperate climates, which have warm summers and cooler winters.

Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. Climate change may cause weather patterns to be less predictable. These unexpected weather patterns can make it difficult to maintain and grow crops in regions that rely on farming because expected temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied on. Climate change has also been connected with other damaging weather events such as more frequent and more intense hurricanes, floods, downpours, and winter storms.

In polar regions, the warming global temperatures associated with climate change have meant ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season. This contributes to sea levels rising in different regions of the planet. Together with expanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures, the resulting rise in sea level has begun to damage coastlines as a result of increased flooding and erosion.

The cause of current climate change is largely human activity, like burning fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these materials releases what are called greenhouse gases into Earth’s atmosphere. There, these gases trap heat from the sun’s rays inside the atmosphere causing Earth’s average temperature to rise. This rise in the planet's temperature is called global warming. The warming of the planet impacts local and regional climates. Throughout Earth's history, climate has continually changed. When occurring naturally, this is a slow process that has taken place over hundreds and thousands of years. The human influenced climate change that is happening now is occurring at a much faster rate.

Q1. How does this passage explain the term ‘climate change’?

Ans) Climate change is a long-term shift in a place's temperature and typical weather patterns. Weather patterns may become less predictable as a result of climate change. Other harmful weather occurrences linked to climate change include more frequent and more intense hurricanes, floods, downpours, and winter storms. Human activity, such as the combustion of fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal, is a major contributor to contemporary climate change.

Q2. Explain any two effects of climate change on weather patterns.

Ans) Weather patterns may become less predictable as a result of climate change. Because projected temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied upon, these unpredictable weather patterns might make it difficult to maintain and develop crops in farming-dependent regions. Other harmful weather occurrences linked to climate change include more frequent and more intense hurricanes, floods, downpours, and winter storms.

Q3. What is the cause of current climate change?

Ans) Human activity, such as the combustion of fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal, is largely to blame for present climate change.

Q4. What is global warming? How is it caused?

Ans) When these materials are burned, greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere.

The heat from the sun's rays is trapped inside the atmosphere, causing the Earth's average temperature to rise. Global warming is the term for the increase in the planet's temperature.

Q5. According to this passage, how is “human influenced climate change” different from climate change that occurs naturally?

Ans) Climate has fluctuated dramatically over Earth's history. When this happens naturally, it's a long, laborious process that takes hundreds of thousands of years. Climate change induced by humans is currently occurring at a considerably faster rate.

Q2. Make sentences of your own with the following words: 5 x 2= 10

1. Alteration

Ans) This alteration improved the operating conditions in three ways.

2. Accelerated

Ans) The light was green, and he accelerated across the intersection.

3. Seasonal

Ans) The tourist industry is also highly seasonal and subjected to fluctuating cycles.

4. Predictable

Ans) The ending of the book was entirely predictable.

5. Continually

Ans) She cried almost continually and threw temper tantrums.

SECTION B

1. Rewrite the following sentences as directed: 15x1=15

1. Several people _________ (fill in with the correct form of ‘be’) killed in yesterday’s accident.

Ans) Several people have been killed in yesterday’s accident.

2. I think this ________ (fill in with the correct form of ‘be’) the most interesting story I have ever read.

Ans) I think this has been the most interesting story I have ever read.

3. _______ your father work in this city? (complete with ‘do’ or ‘does’)

Ans) Does your father work in this city?

4. __________ the chief guest already arrived? (complete with has / have)

Ans)  Has the chief guest already arrived?

5. The teacher _________ (complete with have/has) advised me to read more advanced books on the topic.

Ans) The teacher has advised me to read more advanced books on the topic.

6. He ____ no English ( fill in with the correct form of speak).

Ans) He speaks no English

7. Faith, it is __ , can move mountains. (fill in with the correct form of say).

Ans) Faith, it is a saying, can move mountains.

8. Our country _____ rich in indigenous plants, trees and wildlife. (fill in with the correct form of ‘be’) .

Ans) Our country being rich in indigenous plants, trees and wildlife

9. Every child in India has the right to ____ (correct form of educate )

Ans) Every child in India has the right to education.

10. You will ____ (lose/loose) your money if you are careless.

Ans) You will lose your money if you are careless.

11. The new office building is under ________ (correct form of construct).

Ans) The new office building is under construction.

12. __________ I make the payment with my credit card? (can, might, would)

Ans) Can I make the payment with my credit card

13. The doctors found it difficult to cope with so many __________ patients after the accident (correct form of injure)

Ans) The doctors found it difficult to cope with so many injured patients after the accident

14. I never thought of _________ the desk in this corner. (fill in with the correct form of place)

Ans) I never thought of placing the desk in this corner.

15. Gypsies lead a __________ life (correct form of wander).

Ans) Gypsies lead a  wandering life.

2. Match the following words/phrases in section A with their meanings in section B 10 x1 =10

A                                                                                       B

1. Allegory                                          something that strongly attracts attention.

2. Promulgate                                    very ancient

3. Forbearance                                   famous or outstanding

4. Cynosure of all eyes                       announce something publicly and make it widely known

5. Restorative                                     kindness and forgiveness towards a wrong-doer.

6. Cruise                                             former

7. Biodiversity                                    a pleasure trip on a ship or boat

8. Noteworthy                                   making one feel strong and healthy again

9. Erstwhile                                        existence of different kinds of plants and animals in a

                                                          particular environment

10. Primeval                                      a story in which the characters and actions have a

                                                         deeper level of meaning

Ans)

1.  Allegory -       a story in which the characters and actions have a deeper level of meaning

2. Promulgate –  announce something publicly and make it widely known

3. Forbearance – kindness and forgiveness towards a wrong-doer.

4. Cynosure of all eyes  - something that strongly attracts attention.

5. Restorative –  making one feel strong and healthy again

6. Cruise  -         a pleasure trip on a ship or boat

7 Biodiversity –  existence of different kinds of plants and animals in a particular environment

8. Noteworthy – famous or outstanding

9. Erstwhile –      former

10. Primeval  -    very ancient

SECTION C

Q1. You have been asked to speak to a group of school students on the topic:

“Joining hands to reduce air-pollution in our town.”

Write out the speech in about 300 words. 20

Ans) Greetings to everyone in attendance and thank you for taking the time to come. Today, I'd want to give a speech about air pollution, which has recently become a serious issue. Despite the fact that it is a monologue, I would like it to be a beneficial conversation, so please share your thoughts. External hazardous chemicals and particle matter combine in the air, eventually causing them to enter our bodies through inhalation. As a result, respiratory diseases develop over time, affecting human health. As a result, air pollution has become a major worry for humanity in recent years.

Causes of Air Pollution

In today's world, there could be a variety of reasons for air pollution. The globe is becoming more developed at the expense of the environment. In the name of modernisation, today's society is ignoring mother nature and, as a result, embracing a lifestyle that has a negative impact on our health.

The number of automobiles on the road has expanded dramatically in recent decades, and as a result, emissions have increased as well. An increase in the ppm-level is a good indicator of this. For all of us, the terrible pollution level in Delhi is a concerning scenario.

In addition, factory smoke and hazardous fumes emitted by chemical plants pollute the air. We have witnessed one significant air pollution tragedy in the form of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. Air pollution is also caused by the increased use of air conditioners in houses.

Effect of Air Pollution

Furthermore, when various harmful chemicals or smoke are inhaled by pregnant women, they induce the unborn child to come into contact with them before to delivery. When compared to other children, these youngsters have a higher risk of respiratory disorders.

The loss of trees and plants causes a natural imbalance. It contributes to global warming and ozone depletion. Global warming causes an imbalance in the natural cycle, resulting in the melting of polar ice, which is a known risk. The ozone layer's depletion allows infrared radiation to penetrate our atmosphere, causing skin ailments.

Air pollution has an impact on animals as well. It generates acid rain, which kills many animals and marine organisms to perish. Air pollution is the sole cause of today's rise in allergic sufferers. Asthma affects persons of all ages, beginning at the age of 0 years.

Conclusion

Nature is an asset given to us. It has given life to living beings. And to pass on this asset to our offspring’s as it is, we need to take good care of it. If we need our future generations to grow up in a healthy environment, then we need to take the steps now.

We need to stop cutting the trees for the sake of the construction of residential colonies or factories. We need to adopt public transports for long distances and bicycles for shorter distances, so as to reduce the smoke and emissions and thereby reducing air pollution. Mother Nature needs to be taken care of well for the flourishing of our upcoming generations. Let’s take a pledge now to respect and protect our environment.

Thank you all for listening and for giving your precious time.

Q2. The Residents’ Association in your colony has been organizing several activities to support the poor and the needy during the lockdown. Write a short report about these activities (in around 250 words). 20

Ans) The Residents' Association has teamed together with a number of social organisations and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to supply food to daily wagers, homeless people, and others who have been impacted by Maharashtra's curfew imposed in response to the coronavirus outbreak.

Several members of the Sikh community have been hosting a 'langar' (free kitchen) at a gurudwara in our colony in suburban Mumbai for the past two days.

Over 1,000 food packages were distributed in our neighbourhood in the last two days by the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, the Students' Islamic Organisation of India, and other organisations. The Jamaat-e-Islami gave similar help to the poor in Vikhroli's many neighbourhoods, including slums.

Volunteers fed individuals who had been affected by the lockdown, especially daily wagers. On Monday afternoon, food packets were provided to truck drivers who had not eaten lunch while working in the city.

"As human beings, we think it is our responsibility to help the most vulnerable among us in their time of need. All Mumbai and Thane locals are encouraged to join us in our efforts. We also want the state government to establish a safety net for people who have lost their employment due to the shutdown "Jamaat-e-Mumbai Islami's leader, Haseeb Bhatkar, added.

All individuals who volunteered to help the needy in this crisis during Covid 19's breakout during the lockdown deserve a huge thank you. The Resident's Association is grateful for the help they received from numerous organisations, particularly the Sikh community, who worked tirelessly to provide the essential assistance. May we all take inspiration from such examples and be prepared to lend a helpful hand whenever a similar catastrophe arises in the future.

Q3. You would like to invite your friend to join your family while celebrating a festival. Write a letter to him/her describing the festival and inviting him/her to join you to celebrate it. 15

Ans)

28, Mg Road,

Bangalore 560001,

September 28, 2021.

Dear friend,

How are you doing? I'm fine, and I hope this letter finds you in good health. I'd like to extend an invitation to spend the holidays with me at my home. I'd like to inform you that I, along with other members of my family, will be hosting a Christmas celebration at our residence. We plan to make two stacked cakes and serve scrumptious meals for supper. Indoor games have already been planned, so feel free to suggest any.

We'll also perform Christmas carols. After that, we should just sit around late at night with a cup of hot cocoa and a Marsh mellow, listening to good music. I'm looking forward to celebrating the holidays with you. I'll be waiting for your response, and I'm hoping to see you here for Christmas. After morning prayer, I've planned a feast and some fun activities. Please pay us a visit a week before the 25th of December so that we can go shopping and decorate the building, as well as the Christmas tree. There will be a chorus, firewood, and a musical night, of course. Your suggestions will help make this holiday a lot more enjoyable.

Finally, I'd like to extend an invitation to you to join us for the festivities, since your presence will undoubtedly add to the ambiance. Please convey my heartfelt condolences to your parents and grandparents. I hope to meet you again soon.

Yours lovingly,

Robin Das.