Assignment Code: BEGG-171/TMA/July 22-Jan 23

Course Code: BEGG-171

Assignment Name: Media and Communication Skills

Year: 2022-2023

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

Max. Marks: 100

Section A

Answer each question in about 300 words. (Based on Blocks 1 and 2)

Q1) List the various functions of Communication? 5

Ans) The functions of Communication are as follows:

Information: A concept like "information" can have many different meanings, from common usage to technical contexts. In general, transmitting instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulation, pattern, perception, and representation are all strongly tied to the concept of information.

Persuasion: It is the process of influencing someone to adopt a belief, attitude, or behaviour through logic and symbolism. It is a method of problem-solving that relies more on "appeals" than on force. With manipulation, one person or group gains at the expense of another, pushing persuasion to its logical conclusion.

Debate and Discussion: Debate, which involves persuasion that appeals to an audience's emotional responses and allows individuals to discuss and deliberate on differences within a framework describing how they will interact, is a broader form of argument.

Instruction: An instruction is a form of conveyed knowledge that specifies how to start, carry out, conduct, or carry out an action, a behaviour, a procedure, or a task. The ability to inform, educate, and socialise society's members is one of communication's key roles. Additionally, it raises people's awareness, provides them with guidance, and opens up opportunities so that they can engage in civic life.

Entertainment: The audience can engage in the entertainment either actively through games or passively through opera or movies. People need entertainment to break up their monotonous routines and to take their minds off the stresses and problems of daily life. The distraction shouldn't be seen negatively. Such distraction has a beneficial role in our lives, reviving our spirits and even educating us.

Cultural Promotion: The ability to communicate allows for the promotion and preservation of culture. It encourages people to explore and satisfy their creative urges.

Integration: A fantastic tool for integrating is communication. Individuals, organisations, or cultures are able to get to know one another, comprehend, and respect one another's lifestyles, which leads to the development of tolerance.

Q2) Elaborate the seven C’s of Communication? 5

Ans) The seven C’s of Communication are as follows:

Content: The most accurate way to assess communication success is through this. The message must be meaningful to the recipient and compatible with his or her set of values.

Context: The message must be consistent with the context, which must be apparent. It must allow for engagement and reflect what is happening. Pose sensible queries. Before you start designing any message, you must have a certain aim in mind.

Channels: It is difficult to create new channels of communication, thus only those that are currently in use and are respected by the recipient should be employed.

Clarity: One of the most challenging and frequently overlooked steps in the process is this one. People want you to get straight to the point, thus their attention will swiftly wander. Edit your writing. It's important to convey the point clearly. The meaning of a word must be the same for the recipient as it is for the sender. Simple and clear topic slogans must be condensed into complex issues. A message should be simpler the farther it has to travel.

Composition: Consider composition in both textual and visual forms. Who are your major characters when you write? How are you going to establish the scene? What are the eventual objectives and conflicts? How will the plot be wrapped up? Where will the reader start in terms of images? How will you guide the reader's eyes across the page? How will you interest your audience in all of your compositional thinking? How will you maintain their interest? You are forced to consider it through writing.

Contrast: What are the key distinctions? Use contrast to make things stand out: Big against small, rough versus smooth, and black versus white. Always question, "in comparison with what?" before making a statement. The brain responds to contrast by signalling "pay attention!"

Consistency: To prevent visitors from being distracted, keep factors like colour, fonts, spacing, and type sizes similar unless you are highlighting variances. According to research, superfluous information will hinder people's capacity for assimilation and learning. It is a never-ending process, communication. To accomplish penetration, repetition is necessary. The narrative must be linear.

Q3) List the various types of Mass Media. 5

Ans) The different types of Mass Media are as follows:

Journalism: Journalism is a profession that involves gathering, analysing, verifying, and presenting data on current events, issues, trends, and people. Journalists are those who work in the field of journalism.

Broadcasting and Telecasting: Radio broadcasting over frequency ranges that are strictly regulated by the Communications Commission is how television and radio broadcasts are disseminated. A regulation of this kind would specify permitted material, licence requirements, band widths, range, and receiver and transmitter kinds. Webcasting is a phrase that is frequently used to describe online broadcasting. Adam Curry and his partners' podcast, the Podshow, are one of the leading advocates of this asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast technology.

Internet: The Internet is a global, openly accessible network of linked computer networks that uses the Internet Protocol to move packets of data back and forth. It is made up of millions of smaller domestic, academic, commercial, and governmental networks that collectively transport a variety of data and services, including email, online chat, file sharing, and the World Wide Web's interconnected Web pages and other content.

Publishing: The publishing sector deals with the creation of literature or information, or the action of making information accessible to the general public. Authors sometimes act as their own publishers. The development, marketing, production, and distribution of periodicals, books, music, software, and other informational works are all included in publishing as a company.

Mobile: Starting with the fact that mobile devices are always carried and linked, many mobile media commentators assert that these features make mobile media more potent than either TV or the internet. Mobile is the only mass media with a built-in payment channel available to any user without a credit card, PayPal account, or even an age restriction, and it has the best audience accuracy. With the addition of numerous applications like WhatsApp or WeChat, mobile devices may now be the most widely used form of mass communication.

Q4) Discuss some of the broad objectives of advertising. 5

Ans) Through any of the established mass media, including the newspaper, radio, television, and film, advertising is a potent form of social and commercial communication. It has evolved in recent years into a crucial component of global trade and business. In actuality, it has grown into a whole industry. Consider the sizable quantity of reputable advertising firms and the enormous costs associated with maintaining or utilising their services. An advertising is fundamentally a form of persuasive communication because it tries to sway people's opinions by persuading them to accept its proposition.

A sponsored statement made to advance an idea, sell a product or service, or achieve some other desired outcome is also referred to as an advertisement. There is no pressure to purchase anything, just an invitation to recognise, comprehend, and use products, services, and ideas. For the message to be delivered, the advertiser pays the medium. He selects the newspaper, or a number of newspapers at once, or the magazine issue, to which his message will be published. He has complete control over the broadcasting schedule if the selected media is TV or radio. But he pays dearly for making that decision. In this sense, advertisers are responsible for the existence of newspapers, if not the other media.

The marketed item could be anything from toothpaste and matches to houses and cars. The offerings might include everything from overseas excursions to restaurants and laundries. Simple concepts like personal integrity and the importance of neighbourliness may be discussed, as well as more complex social issues like the prevention of fires, reforestation, rehabilitation of the elderly and disabled, traffic laws, drug abuse, crime prevention, and the universalization of elementary education. Whatever the marketed good, service, or concept, the advertisement aims to highlight its positive attributes in order to make it appealing to the target market that the marketer hopes to sway.

Section B

Answer each question in about 300 words. (Based on Blocks 3 and 4)

Q1) Name the various shot sizes and describe them. 5

Ans) The different shot sizes are as follows:

1. Extreme Long Shot: The camera is placed far from the subject in an extreme long shot, sometimes referred to as an extreme wide view. The characters' status will be lower than that of their environment.

2. Long Shot: A long shot, often referred to as a wide view, is captured on camera from a faraway vantage point to emphasise place and location while placing the scene's topic in context. Long or wide shots are frequently used in establishing shots of a structure or specific place.

3. Medium Long Shot: A medium long shot or medium wide shot will typically emphasise the background and environment more than a medium shot, despite the fact that some experts may employ both interchangeably. Full bodies of the characters are frequently discernible.

4. Medium Shot: The medium shot is captured from a vantage point that displays a subject from the knees or waist up while still displaying some of the surrounding surroundings. It falls somewhere between a close-up and a wide shot.

5. Medium Close-up Shot: The medium close-up picture is captured from a vantage point that displays a subject from the waist up but does not reveal much of the surrounding environment. It falls somewhere between a close-up and a medium shot.

6. Close-up: The subject is closely framed in close-up shots, which fill the screen with a specific feature or detail like the subject's hand or face. The close-up picture is particularly popular because it makes subtle gestures or expressions very evident to the spectator.

7. Extreme Close-up: An extreme close-up shot is a more intense variation on a close-up and typically just reveals the character's eyes or another feature of their face. These may cause the audience to feel uncomfortable or may divulge a brief, precise fact.

8. Full Shot: In a complete shot, the subject occupies the entire frame. It conveys to the audience their appearance, their environment, and how they fit within it.

Q2) What is an Editorial? Discuss its importance? 5

Ans) An editorial is a piece of writing that expresses the newspaper's opinions on a certain piece of news, an event, or a pressing topic. It is the publication's stated position. Every day, we may find them in the same spot on the same newspaper page. The left-hand column of the page, from top to bottom, is where the editorial page is located.

Importance of an Editorial

Typically, the editor, one of the associate or deputy editors, or one of the writers will write an editorial on the editor's behalf. There are no by-lines attached to these opinions, which represent the newspaper's viewpoint. Politicians, bureaucrats, and the general public are all interested in the newspaper's position on socially significant issues. The fourth estate and societal watchdog is the media. The rest of the world would undoubtedly want to know the newspaper's stance on significant matters. The editorials assist readers in developing opinions as well as persuading them to change their opinions. This causes a significant public wave and shift in attitude. Therefore, it is understandable why editorials are of importance to politicians and bureaucrats.

The editorial acts as:

1. A voice of the common man

2. Advocate of human rights

3. Critique of government policies

4. Interpreter of the Constitution

5. Forecaster of political and social changes

6. Informer and analyst of complicated issues

7. Promoter of worthy activity

8. Problem solver of any issue of social importance

Q3) Discuss some uses of networking for an organization and for individuals. 5

Ans) Our everyday lives are impacted by computer networks in a variety of ways.

Some uses of networking for an organization are as follows:

1. Resource Sharing: Data is made accessible to all employees inside the firm via computer networks, regardless of their location. The "tyranny of geography" is now over. All employees of a company have access to their pay stubs, information on the organization's inventory or stock of goods, and data about orders placed and goods delivered.

2. Reliability: Information storage needs to be dependable and uniform for sectors like banking and air traffic control. All businesses within a given sector have access to the same trustworthy information thanks to a network. The daily currency exchange rates are available to bankers. To track the planes that fly to various locations throughout the world, air traffic controllers are connected globally.

3. Communication: You can write a report with two people who are separated by space! The other can see changes made by one of them right away.

Some uses of networking for individuals are as follows:

1. Access to Remote Information: Electronic billing, online banking, and newspaper shopping. Many people use computers to access their phone bills. They might also have a contract with their bank that allows them to have their bank account debited electronically in order to pay the charge. We are all aware with modern online buying options. While at work, many people who work in the information technology sector read the news online.

2. Person-to-Person Communication: Today, millions of individuals use e-mail on a regular basis. A lot of them transmit communications that aren't just text but also audio or video.

3. Interactive Entertainment: Multiple movies can be stored and played at once on video servers. They have software that allows them to respond to user queries, find the movie on the storage device, play it on the output device, and then charge the customer. The video servers have a lot of room for movie storage. Additionally, calculating the likelihood of how frequently a given movie will be requested by the consumer can be done mathematically.

Q4). What is Multimedia? Mention some of the uses of Multimedia. 5

Ans) The "rising star in the networking firmament" is referred to as multimedia. It enables the electrical transfer of digital audio and video.

The uses of Multimedia are as follows:

1. It's used by businesses to create presentations. Sales charts and other visuals can be animated, given catchy music and voiceovers, combined with video clips of actual product use, customer feedback, or future estimates, and the sales executive's voice or presence can be added to the mix.

2. It is used by institutions to provide "visitors" a tour. A "virtual world" can be created via multimedia to give you a tour of the establishment. Many organisations now offer a "prospectus" on a CD that explains what the organisation stands for, introduces you to its leaders and allows you to hear them speak, walks you through the campus and its buildings, and has interviews with its patrons and students.

3. It helps advertisers sell their goods. Using multimedia, they can combine animation and real-world video, fantasy and reality. Both text and images can be animated. For instance, in one advertising, a car's headlight winks at us.

4. Using multimedia, on-the-job training and upgrading is conducted. Examples of how this technology is used include demonstrations of new technologies, their introduction, product guides, instructions for operating machinery, equipment demos, and knowledge refreshment. Individual learners can complete a course at their own pace and in their own time to refresh their knowledge and stay current because this technology is capable of becoming interactive. Now, industrial employees, firefighters, and aircraft mechanics may all learn on the job.

5. Multimedia education is a self-contained industry. Children currently spend more time watching television or using computers than reading books in many nations, including India. With the idea of "edutainment," a youngster can learn while having fun. In the guise of a detective game, one honourable interactive game taught basic geography. The person signed up as a detective.

   
   

Section C

Answer each question in about 700 words. (Based on Blocks 1 to 4)

Q1) Critically examine the negative as well as positive impacts of the Internet. 15

Ans) Nowadays, practically everyone utilises the internet due to its widespread use. Anyone who tries to connect to one of its central, primary networks can access it. Additionally, people of any age or condition can access it. For instance, the best information retrieval tools now accessible are Internet search engines. They provide internet users with all kinds of information, from reviews of nearby restaurants to world news. Additionally, the Internet offers some of the best methods of inter-person communication, such as instant messaging and online emailing.

People can now take action and avert negative events thanks to the internet. For instance, the internet can be used to follow hurricanes, storms, and accidents. In addition to offering servers, resource centres, and online tools for their research and scholarly activities, the internet has made it possible for scientists, university professors, and students to exchange ideas and resources.

The internet, however, can also have certain drawbacks. For instance, you can find unsuitable or unlawful content online. Additionally, it is possible to download music and other copyrighted content for free unlawfully. The music industry has suffered as a result of this action, which also sparked a number of legal actions. An individual's manner of life and job can be disrupted by an addiction to online social networks. Some thieves use the internet to distribute computer viruses or even to intercept credit card or bank information and utilise it inappropriately.

The positive impacts of the Internet are as follows:

Boost Connectivity: The worldwide networking platform known as the internet serves as the technology of today. Internet technology is used by more than 7 billion wireless device users for a variety of purposes. Gadgets like laptops, tablets, and smartphones are now widely used due to their rapid expansion.

Enhanced Communication: The platform is primarily used by users for socialising, information access, career advancement, and business. Popular information includes government services, health advice, and political news. Additionally, individuals all around the world utilise social media apps like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp to stay in touch with their loved ones. Writing and sending an impactful text simply takes a few minutes. In addition to these advantages, information can be published by both small and large businesses. Expanded internet connection makes it simple to locate a pizza shop, an automated car wash when travelling, a NOMOS authorised dealer nearby when looking to purchase a watch, as well as, obviously, anything else.

Promote Education: Education is becoming more enjoyable and practical thanks to the internet. Numerous study aids and video lessons are now easily accessible to students without exerting much effort. With websites like Google, you can ask any inquiry and get a response right away. People who are interested in e-commerce and a variety of occupations are also using the internet to apply for employment, take online courses, and send money.

The negative impacts of the Internet are as follows:

Social Life Problems: According to studies, the internet has a net beneficial effect on education but a detrimental effect on politics and morality. Additionally, those who spend too much time on social media sites often feel lonely and disconnected from others. Overuse of the internet might lower one's sense of worth.

Cybercrimes: The prevalence of the internet has drawn undesirable elements of society's attention as well. Cybercrimes are defined as crimes committed on or around the internet. These crimes frequently take the form of fraud, phishing, identity theft, and hacking. After these exposures, people frequently trade stolen files and data on the dark web. Cyberbullying, cyberstalking, internet predation, child pornography, and propagating hate are among more vices committed online. Computer viruses and ransomware attacks are a possibility for both individual and business users. All of these elements may result in financial loss, the disclosure of sensitive data, and hardware infrastructure damage.

Developmental Effects: Use of the internet too much might have a negative impact on a child's normal growth and development. And the main reason for this is the widespread availability of unlawful or improper materials. According to studies, youngsters who use the internet too much may have problems with their ability to pay attention, apply critical thinking, and learn new languages. Children who become addicted to games played on mobile devices, such as video games, may also be pressured to lead sedentary lifestyles and abandon fitness activities and other outdoor pursuits. Excessive screen time can harm your health in a number of ways, including stress, chronic sleeplessness, and anxiety in adults.

Q2) How do you differentiate between ethical advertising and unethical advertising. Discuss. 15

Ans) The differences between ethical advertising and unethical advertising are as follows:

An ethical advertisement adheres to the highest standards of decency and doesn't lie or make untrue or fictitious claims. Ads today utilise a lot of puffery and are more overdone. A promotional remark or claim that communicates subjective rather than objective ideas is called puffery. Puffery presents an overblown representation of the marketed product. Please don't take these opinions literally. Advertisers can lack a basic understanding of moral standards and guidelines. They simply don't comprehend and are unable to distinguish between right and wrong. By displaying beautifully designed and vibrant commercials, advertisers hope to improve sales, attract new clients, and boost consumer demand for the product. They assert that their product is the best because it is more distinctive than those of the rivals, more advantageous, and more cost-effective. But many of these advertisements have been discovered to be dishonest and immoral. They do nothing but lead customers astray.

Ethics are also influenced by one's worldview. Advertising may not be considered unethical if the advertisers create the advertising with the hope that the target audience will comprehend, consider, and then act upon them. However, it would be unethical advertising if companies thought they could trick consumers by portraying unrealistic things like "simply clicking your fingers will make your home or workplace fully furnished" or "only buying a lottery ticket will make you a millionaire." Advertising that adheres to ethical standards will highlight the distinctions between the marketed goods and services and those offered by rival businesses. While unethical advertising aims to confuse consumers by using a logo and messaging that are similar to those of the opposition.

The goal of ethical advertising is to distinguish the marketed product from similar products that are available on the market. It will be recognised and proven to be distinctive. Any logos used in the product will be distinct and simple to recognise. Because the product's images and general tone cannot be confused with those of other products, the client will always be able to recognise it. Advertising that is unethical is entirely different. It will try to make its product resemble other items on the market quite a bit. Due to unethical advertising, consumers won't be able to distinguish between the various products available on the market. Then, believing they were purchasing the alternative product, they will purchase the one that was unethically advertised. The company that created the unethical advertisement will gain an unethical profit as a result of the process.

Advertising that adheres to ethical standards avoids pandering to fundamental human emotions like lust, greed, or terror. Ethical advertising will make an effort to adopt a positive outlook and be upbeat. It won't play into divisive preconceptions like those centred around age, religion, gender, or race. Stereotypes in these areas often lead to contentious situations, and it is advisable to steer clear of them when using them in advertisements. That's what ethical advertising will achieve. The exact reverse will occur with unethical advertising. It will attempt to manipulate the most fundamental human emotions and utilise that manipulation to take advantage of unsuspecting clients. In order to sell things, unethical commercials will also attempt to employ socially undesirable images, such as portraying women as objects of sex conquest or describing minorities as incapable and generally unintelligent.

The environment and the world on which we live are deeply respected in ethical advertising. It will make every effort to avoid endangering the environment in any way that is needless. Advertising that adheres to ethical standards will attempt to avoid portraying an excessively hedonistic and consumerist lifestyle. A lifestyle like that would suggest that there is nothing else to life save the endless pursuit of material possessions for their own sake. None of these concerns are taken into account by unethical advertisements. They won't care about the environment at all and will push viewers of the commercial to behave in a way that destroys the ecosystem.

Q3) Describe the principles and process involved in news scripting for the broadcast media. 15

Ans) The principles involved in news scripting for the broadcast media are as follows:

Impact: News is characterised by events that have an impact on people's lives. Even if the actual event might only involve a small number of people, the effects could be profound. For instance, if the Parliament approves a measure to increase taxes or to abruptly implement demonetisation, or if a researcher finds a treatment for a certain type of cancer, both of these big events will have a large effect.

Timeliness: One value that almost all news articles have is timeliness. It speaks of how recently an incident occurred. Most occurrences cannot be deemed news if they lack the components of timeliness. A trial that took place last year, for instance, is not news; a trial that is currently taking place is. The 9/11 trial may be interesting, but it is not news today. However, if the Mumbai attack defendants from 26/11 are prosecuted today, that would be newsworthy.

Prominence: Even when they do insignificant things, famous people occasionally create headlines. Even health-related issues pique the public's curiosity. Movie stars, well-known politicians, supporters of charitable causes, and sports figures all garner media attention merely because of their notoriety.

Proximity: Local events have a higher likelihood of making the news than similar occurrences that take place elsewhere. For instance, an automobile accident in our town that results in the deaths of two people is more likely to be covered by the local news media than an event of the same nature that occurs 1,000 miles away. We are curious about what goes on in our immediate environment.

Conflict: Arguments, fights, and disagreements among people are newsworthy events. All political parties are debating the government's announcement of the demonetization of currency. This was a significant news storey that required the presentation of both sides of the debate.

The Bizarre or the Unusual: Sometimes an uncommon occurrence is considered news, such as the discovery of a new star or planet, a novel laser-assisted procedure for surgery, or the delivery of octuplets.

Currency: Current-interest topics frequently have news value, and incidents related to those topics occasionally qualify as news. For instance, unless the debate topic was "The Morality of Abortion," media would not be interested in a conference on medical technology. The conference's news value will thereafter alter, and several journalists will cover it.

The process involved in news scripting for the broadcast media is as follows:

Most of the news values that were previously described are applicable to the choice of news for broadcast. However, news reporters for radio and television are probably going to have a little different perspective on events than reporters for the print media.

The majority of straightforward news articles for print media are written in an inverted pyramid pattern, meaning that the most crucial information is supplied first and less crucial information is provided later in the article. If necessary, a narrative could be removed from the bottom while keeping the most important news item.

The inverted pyramid storey format is not used by journalists for broadcast media. They substitute something called dramatic unity in its stead. The climax, cause, and effect are the three components of the dramatic unity structure.

The tale's climax informs the listener of the events that took place in a manner similar to that of the lead of a print news report. The story's cause section explains why the event occurred and the circumstances surrounding it. The final section of the storey, which is concerned with the effect, provides the audience with the story's background information and, perhaps, some hints as to what the storey will imply going forward.

Instead of viewing their stories as inverted pyramids, broadcast journalists should view them as finished circles. While the pyramid can be cut without losing the crucial information, the broadcast tale cannot be cut from the bottom or from anywhere else if it is written in a coherent manner. It functions as a single entity.

The listeners' attention must be captured early on in broadcast news reports. The story's opening lines hold a lot of significance. Sometimes it's more crucial to capture the audience's interest than to summarise the plot or provide the key details.

Q4) What are the characteristics of Cyber Media. Examine its impact on our lives. 15

Ans) The characteristics of Cyber media are as follows:

1. One of the key aspects of cyber media is hyper textuality. By connecting web pages from one website to those of any other website on the World Wide Web, any information on the internet can be supported by other pertinent information.

2. In any website on the World Wide Web, online users have the option of interacting with cyber writers. Online readers can express their opinions and promptly get responses from cyber writers.

3. Cyber media is multimedia because it allows users to add video, still photographs, and other types of media to their material.

4. Cyber media is available around-the-clock. Anyone with access to the Internet can view a web page at any time. As a result, it is neither time-bound nor time-limited.

5. Since cyber media has no borders, it is also not limited by space. Users of this media can communicate with anyone, anywhere in the globe, without being constrained by national boundaries.

6. In contrast to the old or traditional media, the new media is much harder to control and censor. Since governments cannot readily arrest people for posting links on social networking sites, intercept emails, shut down websites, or take legal action against Internet service providers, it is difficult to restrict or stifle cyber media. Additionally, governments lack the infrastructure necessary to regulate the huge amounts of information that are continually flowing through popular networking sites and webpages.

7. Cyber media, or new media, is frequently user- and audience-driven.

8. Digital, online, and mobile technology are all used in cyber media.

Impact of Cyber Media on our Lives

The impact of cyber media on our educational systems has been immense. To show their subject-related movies to the pupils, teachers use You Tube. Additionally, students can submit presentations online, take exams online, and get teacher feedback. Through numerous social media platforms, they can also quickly communicate, discuss, and exchange information for a group project they must present. This fosters cooperation.

The material that is available on the Internet may not all be completely accurate, thus it should be double-checked before downloading. Additionally, kids have access to all kinds of reading material on social media platforms, including explicit pornographic content that could be harmful in the long term. Some of the violent games that kids can access on these websites have a negative impact on their social skills and mental health. Another evil of the internet is plagiarism.

They may become unable to communicate with people face to face as a result of spending hours on social media platforms on their computers, tablets, or mobile phones and speaking with online friends. Young people who have accounts on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram are constantly logged in, which reduces their physical activity. Cyber addicts frequently complain of backaches and eye strain. Additionally, cyber addiction can result in social isolation, which can harm a person's emotional and mental health and cause disorders like anxiety and despair.

Despite the many benefits that social media and the Internet have brought to society, some populations still lack access to social media, including the elderly, the illiterate, and the destitute. Additionally, older age groups in society are developing social media addictions, which is leading to the same illnesses that affect young people. People have also grown more susceptible to cybercrimes as a result of hackers accessing their accounts and obtaining sensitive data, such as bank account information, in order to defraud them.

Voters are also informed on how to exercise their democratic rights through cyber media. They give the public a forum to express their needs and opinions and engage with leaders to discuss important electoral issues, as well as a platform for political parties and candidates to communicate their platforms to the electorate. The easy and quick dissemination of false information through the cyber media can occasionally cause rioting and other forms of public disorder while also posing a threat to the right to free expression and the freedom of the press.

Businesses and organisations are using social and cyber media to market their products, improve their performance in a variety of ways to achieve corporate goals, and boost their yearly sales. One of the most significant and frequent uses of social media by businesses is for marketing. Today, every brand has a certain online audience it wants to reach.