Assignment Code: BTMC- 137/TMA/2023-24

Course Code: BTMC-137

Assignment Name: Profile of Modern Tourism

Year: 2023-2024

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

Section A

Answer the following in about 500 words each.

Q1) What do you mean by Inbound Tourism and Outbound Tourism? Discuss the pre-requisites of International Travel.

Ans) Inbound Tourism:

Inbound tourism refers to the arrival of visitors from foreign countries to a destination country. These tourists engage in various activities such as sightseeing, cultural exploration, and experiencing the attractions of the host country. Inbound tourism contributes to the economy of the destination by generating revenue through expenditures on accommodations, transportation, food, and entertainment.

Outbound Tourism:

Outbound tourism involves residents of a country traveling to foreign destinations. These travellers explore international destinations for leisure, business, or other purposes. Outbound tourism contributes to the economy through the expenditures of residents in foreign countries.

Prerequisites of International Travel:

a) Passport: A passport is a fundamental prerequisite for international travel. It serves as an official identification document and is required for entry into most foreign countries. It is essential to ensure the passport is valid for the entire duration of the planned trip.

b) Visa: Many countries require visitors to obtain a visa before entering. A visa is an official document issued by the host country that grants permission for entry. The type of visa needed depends on the purpose and duration of the visit.

c) Vaccinations and Health Requirements: Certain destinations may require travellers to get specific vaccinations or adhere to health requirements to prevent the spread of diseases. Health certificates or proof of vaccination may be necessary for entry.

d) Travel Insurance: Travel insurance provides coverage for unexpected events such as medical emergencies, trip cancellations, lost baggage, or other unforeseen circumstances. It is advisable to have comprehensive travel insurance for international trips.

e) Currency Exchange: Having the local currency of the destination is crucial for expenses like transportation, meals, and shopping. It is recommended to exchange currency before departure or upon arrival at the destination.

f) Flight Reservations: Booking flights well in advance is essential for securing the desired itinerary and often comes with cost savings. Confirmations of reservations and relevant travel documents must be kept handy.

g) Accommodation Reservations: Securing accommodation reservations in advance ensures a place to stay upon arrival. This can be done through hotels, rental properties, or other lodging options.

h) Itinerary and Travel Plans: Planning the travel itinerary, including transportation between destinations, accommodations, and scheduled activities, helps streamline the trip and make the most of the travel experience.

i) Knowledge of Local Customs and Laws: To travel in a manner that is polite and responsible, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the local laws, customs, and cultural nuances of the destination. This involves becoming familiar with the customs surrounding tipping, appropriate behaviour, and the legislation that govern the area.

j) Communication: Having a means of communication, such as a mobile phone with international roaming or a local SIM card, facilitates connectivity during the trip. This is especially important for emergencies and staying in touch with family and friends.

k) Emergency Contacts and Information: It is vital to maintain a list of emergency contacts, each of which should include the details of the local embassy. In addition, it is essential to have essential information such as addresses and phone numbers on hand in the event that unanticipated circumstances arise.

Q2) Define in detail the concept of Health, Medical and Wellness Tourism.

Ans) Health Tourism:

Health tourism, also known as medical tourism, involves individuals traveling to different regions or countries to seek medical treatments, procedures, or healthcare services. The motivations for health tourism often include access to high-quality healthcare, cost considerations, shorter waiting times, and the availability of specialized treatments that may not be easily accessible in the individual's home country. Health tourism encompasses a wide range of medical services, including elective surgeries, dental treatments, fertility treatments, cosmetic procedures, and wellness services. Popular destinations for health tourism often have well-established medical infrastructure, experienced healthcare professionals, and state-of-the-art facilities.

Medical Tourism:

Medical tourism is a subset of health tourism and specifically focuses on individuals traveling abroad for medical treatments. These treatments can range from routine medical check-ups to complex surgeries. Factors influencing medical tourism include the quality of healthcare services, cost-effectiveness, and the availability of advanced medical technologies. Patients may choose medical tourism for procedures like orthopaedic surgeries, cardiac treatments, organ transplants, and cancer therapies. Medical tourism destinations typically promote their healthcare expertise, accreditation of medical facilities, and the competence of healthcare professionals to attract international patients.

Wellness Tourism:

Wellness tourism emphasizes the pursuit of maintaining or enhancing one's personal well-being. It goes beyond medical treatments and often includes activities aimed at promoting physical, mental, and emotional health. Wellness tourism encompasses a broad spectrum of experiences, such as spa retreats, fitness and weight management programs, stress reduction and mindfulness retreats, and holistic healing practices. Individuals engaging in wellness tourism seek relaxation, rejuvenation, and a holistic approach to health. Destinations for wellness tourism often offer serene natural environments, wellness resorts, and a variety of activities to promote a healthy lifestyle.

Characteristics and Components:

a) Quality Healthcare Services: Health and medical tourism are characterized by access to high-quality healthcare services. This includes specialized medical treatments, state-of-the-art facilities, and experienced healthcare professionals.

b) Cost Considerations: Cost-effectiveness is a significant motivator for health and medical tourism. Individuals may choose to travel to destinations where healthcare services are more affordable than in their home countries.

c) Advanced Medical Technologies: Medical tourism often involves seeking treatments or procedures that leverage advanced medical technologies. Patients may travel for access to innovative medical advancements.

d) Wellness and Holistic Approach: Wellness tourism focuses on a holistic approach to health, encompassing physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Activities may include spa treatments, fitness programs, and mindfulness practices.

e) Global Collaboration in Healthcare: Health and medical tourism thrive on global collaboration in healthcare. Patients may seek treatments or procedures that are not readily available or legal in their home countries.

f) Accredited Medical Facilities: Medical tourism destinations often highlight the accreditation of their medical facilities. This includes certifications and recognitions that attest to the quality and safety of healthcare services.

g) Cultural and Recreational Activities: Health and wellness tourism destinations frequently offer cultural and recreational activities. This enhances the overall experience for individuals seeking a balance between healthcare and leisure.

h) Customized Health Packages: Many health and wellness tourism providers offer customized packages that cater to individual needs. These packages may include a combination of medical treatments, wellness activities, and leisure options.

i) Global Connectivity and Travel Infrastructure: The growth of health and medical tourism is facilitated by global connectivity and well-established travel infrastructure. Accessibility to destinations is a crucial factor.

j) Promotion of Preventive Healthcare: Wellness tourism often emphasizes preventive healthcare measures. Individuals engage in wellness activities to maintain good health and prevent the onset of medical conditions.

Section B

Answer the following in about 250 words each.

Q3) What do you mean by Tourism Product. What are the different types of Tourist Products?

Ans) A tourism product refers to the combination of tangible and intangible elements that contribute to a traveller’s experience in a destination. It encompasses everything a tourist consumes, experiences, and enjoys during their journey. Tourism products go beyond physical attractions and include services, infrastructure, activities, and cultural elements that collectively form the overall travel experience.

Different Types of Tourist Products:

a) Natural Attractions: Natural attractions include landscapes, ecosystems, and scenic beauty that draw tourists. Examples include beaches, mountains, national parks, and wildlife reserves.

b) Cultural Attractions: Cultural attractions encompass historical sites, museums, monuments, and heritage sites. Travelers are drawn to destinations with rich cultural offerings, including traditions, festivals, and local customs.

c) Recreational and Adventure Products: Recreational and adventure products cater to tourists seeking active and adventurous experiences. This includes activities like hiking, skiing, water sports, and eco-tourism.

d) Accommodation: Accommodation is a critical element of the tourism product. It includes hotels, resorts, guesthouses, and other lodging options that contribute to the overall comfort and satisfaction of travellers.

e) Transportation Services: Transportation services, such as airlines, cruises, and ground transportation, are essential components of the tourism product. Efficient and accessible transportation enhances the travel experience.

f) Culinary Tourism: Culinary tourism focuses on the local cuisine and gastronomic experiences. Travelers seek destinations known for their food and culinary traditions, exploring local markets, restaurants, and food festivals.

g) Shopping and Entertainment: Shopping and entertainment contribute to the overall enjoyment of a destination. Tourists often engage in shopping for local products, crafts, and souvenirs, and they seek entertainment options such as theatres, concerts, and nightlife.

h) Events and Festivals: Events and festivals are significant attractions for tourists. Cultural, sports, and music events draw visitors, providing unique experiences and opportunities for cultural immersion.

i) Health and Wellness Tourism: Health and wellness tourism focuses on products and services that promote well-being. This includes spa resorts, wellness retreats, and medical tourism offerings.

j) Educational and Heritage Tourism: Educational and heritage tourism products cater to travellers interested in learning and exploring historical and educational sites. This includes educational tours, archaeological sites, and educational programs..

Q4) What is the difference between Wildlife National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries?

Ans) The difference between Wildlife National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries

Q5) What are the seven key areas (7S) identified for tourism development in the National Tourism Policy, 2002?

Ans) The second National Tourism Policy (NTP) formulated in 2002 aimed at transforming tourism into a significant driver of economic growth in India. Building on the foundation laid by the 1982 policy, its overarching objective was to leverage tourism's direct and multiplier effects for employment generation, economic development, and poverty eradication, all while adhering to environmentally sustainable practices.

The main broad aims of NTP 2002 included:

a) Economic Growth Engine: Positioning tourism as a major catalyst for economic growth, recognizing its potential to contribute substantially to the national economy.

b) Employment Generation: Harnessing the direct and multiplier effects of tourism to generate employment opportunities, particularly in rural areas, and fostering economic development.

c) Focus on Domestic Tourism: Recognizing domestic tourism as a key driver of overall tourism growth, emphasizing the significance of catering to the needs and preferences of the domestic traveller.

d) Global Branding: Positioning India as a global brand to capitalize on the increasing trends in global travel and trade, tapping into the vast untapped potential of India as a destination.

e) Private Sector Partnership: Acknowledging the critical role of the private sector, with the government serving as an initiative-taking facilitator and catalyst for tourism development.

f) Integrated Tourism Circuits: Creating and developing integrated tourism circuits that showcase India's unique civilization, heritage, and culture. This involved collaboration with states, the private sector, and other agencies to offer holistic and diverse tourist experiences.

g) Holistic Well-being of Tourists: Ensuring that tourists to India not only experience the physical beauty of the country but also leave physically invigorated, mentally rejuvenated, culturally enriched, and spiritually elevated, aiming for a profound and meaningful connection with the essence of India.

Section C

Answer the following in about 100 words each.

Q6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Domestic Tourism in India?

Ans) Advantages of Domestic Tourism in India:

a) Economic Boost: Contributes significantly to the national economy, generating revenue and employment.

b) Cultural Exchange: Fosters cultural understanding and unity among diverse regions.

c) Infrastructure Development: Drives the development of tourism infrastructure, benefiting local communities.

d) Preservation of Heritage: Supports the preservation of historical and cultural sites.

e) Accessibility: More accessible and affordable, making travel feasible for a broader population.

Disadvantages of Domestic Tourism in India:

a) Overcrowding: Popular destinations face issues of overcrowding and environmental strain.

b) Infrastructure Strain: Local infrastructure may struggle to accommodate increased tourist numbers.

c) Cultural Impact: Excessive tourism may lead to cultural dilution or distortion.

d) Unequal Distribution: Benefits may not be evenly distributed across regions.

e) Environmental Concerns: Unmanaged tourism can contribute to environmental issues.

Q7) What are the characteristics of Tourist behaviour?

Ans) Tourist behaviour is influenced by diverse factors, encompassing:

a) Motivation: Varied motives drive travel, from relaxation to adventure or cultural exploration.

b) Decision-Making: Tourists undergo a process of need identification, information search, and evaluation before deciding on a destination.

c) Expectations and Perceptions: Pre-trip expectations, shaped by promotional materials, influence post-trip perceptions.

d) Demographics: Sociodemographic factors like age, income, and education impact travel preferences.

e) Cultural Sensitivity: Awareness and respect for local cultures shape tourist interactions.

f) Technology Adoption: Increasing reliance on technology for travel planning and sharing experiences.

g) Environmental Consciousness: Growing interest in sustainable and responsible travel practices.

Q8) What are the objectives of Swadesh Darshan Scheme, launched by Ministry of Tourism (MOT), Government of India?

Ans) The Swadesh Darshan Scheme, launched by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, aims to achieve the following objectives:

a) Development of Tourist Circuits: Create thematic circuits based on specific themes to promote diverse tourism experiences.

b) Infrastructure Development: Enhance tourism infrastructure in identified destinations to improve accessibility and facilities.

c) Promotion of Culture and Heritage: Showcase and promote the rich cultural and heritage assets of India.

d) Job Creation: Generate employment opportunities, particularly in local communities associated with tourism.

e) Sustainable Tourism: Foster sustainable tourism practices, considering environmental and cultural conservation.

f) Enhanced Tourist Experience: Improve the overall experience for tourists through better amenities and services.

Q9)What do you mean by measurement of seasonality in Tourism?

Ans) The measurement of seasonality in tourism refers to the analysis and quantification of the variations in tourist activities, visitation patterns, and demand for tourism-related services over different seasons. Seasonality assesses the fluctuations in tourism based on factors such as weather, holidays, and special events, impacting the timing and intensity of tourist arrivals. Measurement involves statistical tools to track patterns, identify peak and off-peak periods, and understand the temporal distribution of tourism activities. This information is crucial for businesses, policymakers, and destination managers to plan effectively, optimize resource allocation, and develop strategies to manage the challenges posed by seasonal fluctuations in the tourism industry.

Q10a )Write short notes on wedding tourism.

Ans) Wedding tourism, also known as destination, weddings, involves couples traveling to a location away from their hometown for their wedding ceremony. This trend has gained popularity due to picturesque destinations, unique experiences, and a desire for intimate celebrations. Couples often choose exotic locales, historic venues, or scenic landscapes. Wedding tourism boosts local economies in chosen destinations, benefiting hospitality, catering, and other services. It also offers a personalized and memorable experience for couples and their guests. Popular wedding tourism locations include beach resorts, heritage sites, and charming destination spots, catering to the growing demand for distinctive and memorable wedding experiences.

Q10b) Write short notes on space tourism.

Ans) Space tourism involves commercial travel to outer space for recreational, leisure, or adventure purposes. Private companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are pioneering this industry. Suborbital flights provide a few minutes of weightlessness and a glimpse of Earth from space. As technology advances, the possibility of orbital and lunar tourism emerges. Space tourism offers a unique and exclusive experience, though it is currently limited to wealthy individuals. The industry holds potential for future growth, sparking interest in space exploration beyond traditional government-led missions and fostering the dream of ordinary people venturing into space.