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BTMS-185: Airport Handling

BTMS-185: Airport Handling

IGNOU Solved Assignment Solution for 2022-23

If you are looking for BTMS-185 IGNOU Solved Assignment solution for the subject Airport Handling, you have come to the right place. BTMS-185 solution on this page applies to 2022-23 session students studying in BAVTM, BTS courses of IGNOU.

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Assignment Solution

Assignment Code: BTMS-185 / TMA / 2022 - 2023

Course Code: BTMS-185

Assignment Name: Airport Handling

Year: 2022 - 2023

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

 

Assignment-A

 

Answer the following in about 500 words each.

 

Q 1. Define Airport. How can we classify and identify airports?

Ans) Airport as a place from which aircraft operate that usually has paved runways and maintenance facilities and often serves as a terminal. While considering the facilities and services provided in an airport, it can be defined as “a complex set of facilities, services and infrastructure that enable air transport service providers to transport passengers and cargo from one place to another.”

 

The classification and categorization of airports vary from nation to nation as the classification is chosen that best suits the nation. Airports can be classified and categorized based on many factors like:

  1. Passenger – civil, military or only cargo,

  2. length of the airstrip and the size of the aircraft that can land.

  3. ease of take-off and landing,

  4. Volume of traffic being handled every day,

  5. Development process,

  6. Ownership,

  7. Scheduled air services,

  8. Air Traffic Control Facilities and so on.

 

Airports are classified based on who is maintaining and providing services at the airport. Based on ownership of the airport these are:

 

Public Sector/ Government / State owned: This is a reference to the airports that are managed by the government and are considered to be a public sector undertaking. Before a few years ago, the Airport Authority of India (AAI), which is part of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, was the only entity in India that owned and maintained the country's airports. Although the situation is shifting in recent years, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) continues to have airports that fall entirely under its jurisdiction.

Privately Owned: Airports that are privately owned are those that were either constructed by private operators or have been leased by the government to private operators. These airports are known as "privately owned" airports. The private entity is going to be completely responsible for everything pertaining to the airport, including its operation, development, and management.

 

Public Private Partnership (PPP) Model: These airports operate under the public-private partnership (PPP) model, which means that the public sector and the private sector each have a stake in the airport. In India, the PPP model can be utilised for the management of an airport that is leased, or it can be utilised in conjunction with the Airports Authority of India (AAI) for the development and management of a greenfield airport.

 

As per Airport Authority of India (AAI), Airports are presently classified in the following manner:

  1. International Airports: These are declared as international airports and are available for scheduled international operations by Indian and foreign carriers. Presently, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Nagpur, Cochin Thiruvananthapura, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Guwahati, Jaipur, Goa, Calicut, Srinagar, Portblair, Lucknow, Varanasi, Tiruchirapalli, Mangalore, Coimbatore, Bhubaneswar and Imphal are in this category.

  2. Custom Airports: These airports have custom and immigration facilities for limited international operations by national carriers and for foreign tourist and cargo charter flights. These include Gaya, Patna, Madurai, Pune, Bagdogra, Chandigarh and Visakhapatnam.

  3. Domestic Airports: All other airports are covered in this category.

  4. Civil Enclaves in Defence Airport: There are 26 civil enclaves in Defence airfields 

 

Q 2. Discuss the latest trends in the aviation industry and their implication for Tourism Industry.

Ans) Some of the latest trends and use of technology are listed below:

  1. Airline pricing has been greatly digitized. Airlines follow dynamic pricing strategy with the support of revenue management systems which enable them to manage the unpredictability of demand in airline sector.

  2. Airlines and travel agents are also offering mobile booking options as well. Passengers can book the ticket sitting in his bed room, at any point of time since Airline Apps can be easily downloaded on the smart phones.

  3. The payment of ticket prices became easy by using online payment mechanisms.

  4. Self-service check-in kiosks and the web check-in facilities are also there in practice in almost all the larger airports of the country and globally.

  5. International air travel is using AI for passenger identification. Border control, airport check-ins, and migration formalities are using biometric technologies like facial recognition, fingerprint authentication, and retinal scanning for personal verifications.

  6. Airports are now completely automated and it enables faster passenger handling and cargo and baggage management.

  7. Airlines and ground handlers use Automated Departure Control Systems (DCS), which support the critical operations at airports, such as automated check-in, boarding, and load planning.

  8. Inflight internet connectivity is also being introduced by airlines.

  9. The inflight entertainment system has also seen great advancement due to the use of information and communication technology. Now the inflight entertainment can be downloaded on the phone using a link for use during the flight.

  10. The journey is more comfortable and safer by the use of latest technologies.

  11. The baggage management systems at the airport can provide real time information and perform baggage reconciliation effectively. Discussed in the next sub section.

  12. IT-based cargo handling systems help airlines to process cargo handling information more efficiently.

  13. With unbundled pricing strategy, airline websites have now become a shopping point that can offer a better airline seat booking experience.

  14. Airport ownership is facing a shift in ownership from public to public-private partnership. This enables the countries to have increased investment on transport infrastructure.

  15. Airports are now being transformed into all-inclusive hubs with ample scope for rest, relaxation, meeting, refreshments, shopping, etc.

  16. Airports are also trying to reduce the noise pollution and implementing high standards to limit air pollution.

  17. Airports use renewable energy and improve energy management. Airport operations and management are becoming greener. Advances in aircraft fuel efficiency are a priority.

  18. International aviation is consolidating. Airlines frequently merge. Airline alliances benefit customers and airlines. Passengers can get lower prices, better access to tickets worldwide, and mileage wards from multiple carriers in one account.

 

Implication on Tourism

Air transportation changes benefit tourism. Tourists benefit from airport renovations. Airports offer relaxation, shopping, and refreshments. Modern airports face many challenges. Airports struggle with safety, security, customer preferences, competition, and more. Airport growth continues. Air travel with Information and Computer Technology (ICT) benefits tourists. Online air transport intermediation is growing.

 

Passengers can book, cancel, or change bookings anytime, anywhere. Fully automated airport information systems simplified passenger handling. Airport expansion is accelerating. Modern airports are like mini cities, and the top ones are competing internationally to attract more customers and improve the traveller experience. These trends have a significant impact on the tourism industry by making air travel more accessible and sustainable, resulting in increased air traffic and boosting economic growth in tourist destinations.

 

Assignment-B

 


Answer the following questions in about 250 words each.

 

Q 3. What are the different types of VISAS? Also mention the types of information that can be collected from VISA.

Ans) Visa types vary. Some key VISAS categories include:

  1. A transit visa: Crossing borders requires a transit visa which are valid for a few hours to ten days.

  2. Airside transit visa: Some countries require this visa for passing through their airports without passing through passport control.

  3. Crew member, steward, or driver visas: are issued to people working or training on aircraft, vessels, trains, trucks, buses, and other international transportation in international waters.

 

For short visits to the host nation, a short-stay or visiting visa is available such as:

  • Private visas for private visits by invitation of country inhabitants.

  • Tourist visa, valid for a limited time of pleasure travel with no business activity permitted.

  • Medical visa, valid for diagnosis or treatment in the host country's hospitals.

  • Business visa allows you to conduct business in the country. These visas often preclude permanent employment, which would necessitate a work visa.

  • Working holiday visa, which allows young people to work for a period of time while travelling between countries that provide a working holiday programme.

  • Cultural exchange visa, which is frequently given to sportsmen and performers.

  • Refugee visa is given to people who are fleeing persecution, a conflict, or a natural disaster.

 

Long-stay visas, which are valid for longer but still limited periods of time: 

  • Student visa, which allows the holder to study at a higher education institution in the issuing nation.

  • Temporary worker visa, which allows the holder to work in the host country.

  • Journalist visas are required by various nations when journalists travel for their respective news companies.

  • States (I-visa) are among the countries that insist on this.

  • Residence visa is issued to persons who wish to live in the host country to obtain permanent residency status.

  • Asylum visas are granted to people who have faced persecution in their home country as a result of their political activities, opinions, or physical characteristics, or affiliation with a social group.

 

4. E-visa (electronic visa) which is stored in a database and not stamped or glued, rather it would be a paper document given for travelling.

5. Immigrant visa (to let a bearer to live permanently in a country) Vs. Non-immigrant Visas (to let a bearer to live temporarily in a country).

6. Schengen visa allows its holder to enter, freely travel within, and exit the Schengen zone from any Schengen member country as long as you don't over the 90/180-day limit.

 

Q 4. Explain the process of “Embarkation” with the help of a diagram.

Ans) The process of loading people onto a ship or plane is called embarkation. It is similar to and overlaps with the way planes and ships let people on one at a time. Boarding or embarkation is when staff and crew members help passengers get on board and put them in their rooms/ seats.

 

Step 1: Arrival to the airport: As the passenger arrives at the airport, they need to produce a photo identity proof. Along with the boarding pass if they have done web check in else need to produce ticket either in a digital form or a printout.

 

Step 2: Check-in: Once the passenger has made it into the airport, they need to go to the check-in desks. Many modern airports have self-check-in kiosks set up by airlines to make things easier for passengers. People who have already checked in online can go to the fast check-in counters and move on to the next step. Other people may need to check in at a counter or kiosk, label, tag, and check-in their bags before going to the security check. In this case, the passengers would also get the right boarding passes.

Step 3: Security Check: this is an important step when it comes to embarkation procedure. All passengers irrespective of their status, privileges, etc. are required to undergo a Security Check. Under the step all the belongings of the passenger and he/she, themselves need to be scanned before moving on to embarkation.

 

Step 4: Immigration check: Immigration check is a very important part of travelling abroad. The passenger must show their valid travel documents to the government or authority in charge before they can fly to their desired destination. Documentation check is a big part of this step on its own. Proper travel documents are not only necessary, but also an important part of making sure that services run smoothly and efficiently so that passengers can have the best travel experience possible.

 

Q 5. Discuss the function and role of IATA.

Ans) IATA, or the International Air Transport Association, is a trade group for airlines around the world. Its main goal is to lead, serve, and speak up for the members' interests. The most important things are safety, security, the environment, and making the aviation business easier for passengers while lowering costs and increasing efficiency and effectiveness with reasonable rules and fees and good regulations. IATA is made up of many expert airline committees, subcommittees, panels, boards, working groups, and task forces. They get together to make rules and policies for the airline industry. These include things like travel and cargo agency, training for agent staff, air mail, working to make customs and immigration procedures less complicated, industry finance, security, technical and traffic services, and user charges like airport landing fees, air traffic control fees, and security costs.

 

Functions and Role of IATA

International Air Transport Association is an international body with few primary as given below:

  1. Make sure that air travel is safe, regular, and cheap for passengers.

  2. Give people a place to work together.

  3. Stop the unfair and expensive competition.

  4. Encourage people to be creative when designing aircraft for civilian use.

  5. Tourists should be encouraged to travel between countries.

  6. Travel agents and tour operators should be able to work together on a single platform and build strong networks for the public good.

  7. Training, webinars, and other educational courses should be set up so that members and professionals can keep up with how the industry is changing.

  8. Coordinate with other national and international organisations in the tourism, travel, cargo, airlines, and hospitality industries to close the gap in the industry.

 

Assignment-C

 


Answer the following questions in about 100 words each.

 

Q 6. What are the different types of journeys in air travel?

Ans) The journeys can be categorised as below:

  1. One Way is when the traveller just goes from Origin to Destination. In a one-way journey the Origin and destination are never the same.

  2. Round Trip is when the traveller starts from one point and comes back to the same point using the same route is called as round-trip journey.

  3. Round the world journey in which the traveller travels around the world and crosses the international timeline, visiting multiple places and return thereto which involves one crossing of the Atlantic Ocean and only one crossing of the Pacific Ocean.

  4. Circle trip is when a traveller starts from one location, goes to multiple locations and come back at same location where he started.

  5. Open Jaw is when one travels to one city and return from another.

 

Q 7. Differentiate between any two of the following (2 X 3 = 6)

 

i. Greenwich Mean Time and International Date Line

Ans) Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is a time standard that is often used as a reference time, as it is the time at the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) which runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, passing through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, England. The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on the Earth's surface that separates two consecutive calendar days. It is located approximately 180° east and 180° west of the Prime Meridian, and it defines the boundary between the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. When traveling across the IDL, one calendar day is gained or lost, depending on the direction of travel.

 

ii. Continents and Oceans

Ans) A continent is a large landmass on Earth that is usually identified by cultural, political, and geographical characteristics. The seven continents are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Each continent has its own unique geography, history, cultures, and ecosystems. They are also home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, as well as human populations with their own languages, beliefs, and customs. An ocean is a vast body of saltwater that covers over 70% of the Earth's surface. The five oceans are: the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. Oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate, supporting a wide range of marine life, and providing important resources for human activities such as transportation, commerce, and recreation.

 

Q 8. Define Air Tariff. What are the factors that impact Air Tariff?

Ans) Airlines set air tariffs for transporting passengers, cargo, and mail. It includes base fare, taxes, fuel surcharges, baggage fees, and other fees. The airline or authorised agent publishes and updates it to determine a flight's ticket price.

 

Several Factors Impact Air Tariff:

  1. Seasonality: Holidays and school vacations raise airfares.

  2. Demand: Popular destinations and peak travel times can raise air fares.

  3. Competition: Airlines competing for the same routes can lower air fares to attract customers.

  4. Fuel costs: Airlines charge customers fuel surcharges or higher ticket prices when fuel prices rise.

  5. Exchange rates: Airlines charge different currencies, so exchange rates can affect fares.

  6. Operating costs: Maintenance, staffing, and airport fees affect air fares.

  7. Route distance: Longer routes cost more in air fares.

  8. Government regulations: Taxes, security fees, and environmental fees can also affect air fares.

 

Q 9. What is the relevance of AAI in the aviation sector?

Ans) The relevance of AAI in the aviation sector includes:

  1. Infrastructure development: AAI is responsible for the planning and development of airports and air navigation facilities, ensuring that they are modern and efficient, and meet the needs of the aviation industry and its customers.

  2. Air traffic management: AAI provides air traffic control services, ensuring the safe and efficient flow of air traffic in Indian airspace.

  3. Aviation safety: AAI is responsible for the implementation and enforcement of aviation safety regulations, ensuring that all aviation activities are conducted in a safe and secure manner.

  4. International cooperation: AAI participates in international organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA), working with other countries and organizations to advance the cause of global aviation.

 

Q 10. Answer the following: (2 X3 =6)

 

a) What is the local time in Lagos (LOS), Nigeria when it is 2100 hours local time in Beijing (BJS), China on 1st September?

Ans) Lagos and Beijing are in different time zones, so their local time will not be the same even when it is 2100 hours in Beijing. Beijing is in China Standard Time, which is 8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+8). On 1st September, when it is 2100 hours local time in Beijing, it is 1300 hours GMT. Lagos is in West Africa Time, which is 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+1). Therefore, when it is 2100 hours local time in Beijing, it is 2000 hours in Lagos.

 

b) What is the local time in Milan, Italy when it is 0430hrs in La Paz, Bolivia on 27th September?

Ans) Milan and La Paz are in different time zones, so their local time will not be the same even when it is 0430 hours in La Paz. La Paz is in Bolivia Time, which is 4 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT-4). On 27th September, when it is 0430 hours local time in La Paz, it is 0830 hours GMT. Milan is in Central European Time, which is 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+1). Therefore, when it is 0430 hours local time in La Paz, it is 0930 hours in Milan.

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