If you are looking for MGS-003 IGNOU Solved Assignment solution for the subject Gender Analysis, you have come to the right place. MGS-003 solution on this page applies to 2022-23 session students studying in MAGD, CGSCI courses of IGNOU.
MGS-003 Solved Assignment Solution by Gyaniversity
Assignment Code: MGS-003 / AST-01 / TMA / 2022-23
Course Code: MGS-003
Assignment Name: Gender Analysis
Year: 2022 – 2023
Verification Status: Verified by Professor
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PART-A
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Answer the following in 200 words each. (10 marks)
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Q 1. Compile Gender segregated data on India's health, education, agriculture, violence, and economy. Analyze the reasons for the gender differential development in these sectors.
Ans) Compilation of Gender segregated data along with reasons is described below:
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Health
The National Family Health Survey-5 reported 113 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in India, with large state-level differences. Women had higher incidence of anaemia and fewer access to non-communicable disease care. The lack of healthcare facilities in rural areas, where most women dwell, contributes to gender disparity in this industry. Women suffer social and cultural hurdles to healthcare, including limited mobility and household decision-making power.
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Education
70% of Indian women are literate, compared to 84% of men. Poverty, child marriage, and discrimination make girls more likely to drop out than males. Rural girls have much more trouble getting a good education due to a gender imbalance in education levels. The absence of government funding in public education and patriarchal views that consider girls' education as useless contribute to this sector's gender gap.
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Agriculture
Indian agriculture employs 70% women. However, land, credit, and other resources are discriminated against them. Women own 12.79 percent of India's land, according to the 2015-16 Agricultural Census, and they receive fewer loans. The patriarchal attitudes that govern land ownership and use and the lack of legislative acknowledgement of women's land rights contribute to this sector's gender gap.
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Violence
Domestic violence, sexual assault, and harassment are common in India. The National Crime Records Bureau reported over 4,000,000 offences against women in India in 2019, including over 32,000 rapes. Dalit and Adivasi women are especially vulnerable to violence. Patriarchal attitudes that perpetuate violence against women and the legal system's unwillingness to hold perpetrators accountable contribute to this sector's gender gap.
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Economy
In India, only 23% of women work, compared to almost 80% of men. Women work in low-paying, informal sectors and experience credit and resource inequality. The absence of government investment in social infrastructure, including childcare and other support services, is one explanation for the gender gap in this area. Women are also excluded from decision-making positions in businesses and other organisations due to cultural and societal constraints.
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Q 2. What does Gender Analysis tell us? Explain.
Ans) Gender analysis is a framework used to examine and understand the impact of gender on a wide range of social, economic, and political issues. It involves examining the different experiences, needs, and priorities of women, men, and gender-diverse individuals in a given context, and identifying how these factors intersect with other forms of social identity, such as race, ethnicity, class, and age.
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Gender analysis is important because it helps to uncover the ways in which gender inequalities are perpetuated and reproduced in different areas of life. For example, it can help to identify how women and men experience health and healthcare differently, how gender norms and stereotypes shape educational opportunities and outcomes, and how gender-based violence affects different groups of women and gender-diverse individuals.
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In addition to highlighting the ways in which gender inequalities persist, gender analysis can also be used to develop solutions that promote gender equity and social justice. For example, it can help to identify the specific needs and priorities of different groups of women and gender-diverse individuals, and to develop targeted interventions that address these needs. It can also help to identify the structural barriers that prevent women and gender-diverse individuals from accessing key resources and opportunities, and to develop policies and programs that address these barriers.
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Q 3. What are Practical Gender Needs (PGNs) and Strategic Gender Needs (SGNs)?
Ans) Practical Gender Needs (PGNs) and Strategic Gender Needs (SGNs) are two concepts used in gender analysis to distinguish between immediate, tangible needs and longer-term, more complex needs that require significant social and institutional change.
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Practical Gender Needs (PGNs) refer to the immediate and tangible needs of women and gender-diverse individuals, often related to their basic survival and livelihood. These needs may include access to basic health care, education, food, water, and shelter, as well as employment opportunities and income-generating activities. PGNs are important because they address the immediate needs of individuals and families and can have a direct impact on their well-being.
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Strategic Gender Needs (SGNs), on the other hand, refer to the broader social and institutional changes that are needed to address the underlying causes of gender inequality. These may include changes to laws and policies, as well as changes to cultural norms and attitudes that perpetuate gender-based discrimination and violence. SGNs require a longer-term perspective and sustained effort to achieve, as they often involve challenging deeply entrenched power structures and social norms.
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While PGNs are essential for meeting the immediate needs of women and gender-diverse individuals, they can also reinforce gender inequalities by perpetuating gender roles and norms that limit their opportunities and potential. Â SGNs are important because they address the underlying causes of gender inequality and have the potential to create lasting change. By addressing the root causes of gender-based discrimination and violence, SGNs can create a more just and equitable society for all.
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Q 4. Explain any two methods of Gender Analysis.
Ans) There are many different methods of gender analysis, and each method can be used to shed light on different aspects of the complex ways in which gender shapes social, economic, and political life.
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Two commonly used methods of gender analysis are:
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1. Gender-disaggregated data analysis: This method involves collecting and analysing data that is disaggregated by gender in order to understand how gender affects various aspects of social, economic, and political life. This involves breaking down data by sex, and examining differences and similarities in outcomes, experiences, and needs between women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. For example, gender-disaggregated data analysis can be used to examine gender gaps in educational attainment, income, and political representation. This method is useful for identifying areas where gender inequalities persist, as well as for tracking progress towards gender equality over time.
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2. Participatory methods: Participatory methods involve working directly with communities and individuals to understand their experiences and perspectives on gender-related issues. These methods are often used in development and social justice initiatives, and can include focus group discussions, community surveys, and individual interviews. By actively involving women, men, and gender-diverse individuals in the research process, participatory methods can help to identify the specific needs, priorities, and challenges faced by different groups, as well as the barriers and opportunities that exist for promoting gender equity. Participatory methods can also be used to develop strategies and solutions that are grounded in the experiences and perspectives of the communities they seek to serve, which can help to ensure that these strategies are culturally appropriate and effective.
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PART-B
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Answer any two of the questions given below in 1000 words each. (30 marks)
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Q 2. What is Gender Policy? Why do we need gender analysis for gender policy-making? Explain.
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Concept of Gender Policy
Gender policy is a framework for addressing gender inequalities and promoting gender equality in society. It involves the development and implementation of laws, regulations, programs, and services that aim to promote gender equality and to eliminate gender-based discrimination. Gender policy can be developed at various levels, including the international, national, and local levels.
At the international level, gender policy is often developed through international conventions, treaties, and agreements that provide a framework for the promotion of gender equality. For example, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979, is a key international instrument that sets out the obligations of States to eliminate discrimination against women.
At the national level, gender policy is developed through laws, policies, and programs that are designed to promote gender equality and to eliminate discrimination based on gender. These may include laws and policies that address issues such as equal pay, gender-based violence, and access to education and health care.
At the local level, gender policy may involve the development of policies and programs that are tailored to the specific needs of communities and individuals. For example, a local government may develop a policy to promote the participation of women in local government, or to address the needs of marginalized groups such as transgender individuals.
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Need of Gender Analysis for Gender Policy-making
Gender analysis is a crucial tool for ensuring that gender policy is effective in promoting gender equality and eliminating gender-based discrimination. Gender analysis helps to identify the specific needs and experiences of women, men, and gender-diverse individuals, and to ensure that their perspectives are adequately reflected in policy design and implementation.
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Gender analysis is important for several reasons:
First, gender analysis helps to identify the gender-based inequalities and discrimination that may be perpetuated by policies and programs. For example, policies that assume that all individuals have equal access to resources, without considering the differential impact of gender norms and expectations, may perpetuate gender-based inequalities.
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Second, gender analysis helps to ensure that policies and programs are responsive to the needs and experiences of women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. By examining the different experiences and needs of different groups, gender analysis can help to identify the ways in which policies and programs may need to be adapted to address the specific needs of different individuals and communities.
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Third, gender analysis can help to ensure that gender policy is implemented effectively. By identifying the barriers to implementation, and the factors that facilitate or hinder implementation, gender analysis can help to ensure that policies and programs are implemented in ways that are effective and sustainable.
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Approaches to Gender Analysis
Gender analysis can take many different forms, depending on the goals of the analysis and the context in which it is being conducted. Some of the common approaches to gender analysis include:
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1. Gender mainstreaming: Gender mainstreaming is a process of integrating a gender perspective into all aspects of policy-making and implementation. The goal of gender mainstreaming is to ensure that the different needs, experiences, and perspectives of women, men, and gender-diverse individuals are considered in all policy decisions. This approach recognizes that gender is a cross-cutting issue that affects all areas of policy and that addressing gender inequality requires the integration of gender analysis in all policy processes.
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2. Gender budgeting: Gender budgeting is a process of examining the impact of budget decisions on women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. The goal of gender budgeting is to ensure that budget decisions are gender-sensitive and that they promote gender equality. This approach involves analysing budget allocations and expenditures to identify the ways in which they affect different gender groups and to identify opportunities for promoting gender equality.
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3. Intersectional analysis: Intersectional analysis is an approach that recognizes that gender intersects with other social categories such as race, class, and sexuality, to shape people's experiences and opportunities. Intersectional analysis involves examining the ways in which gender interacts with other social categories to produce different outcomes for different individuals and communities. This approach recognizes the diversity of experiences and needs within gender groups and the importance of addressing multiple forms of discrimination and inequality.
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4. Participatory approaches: Participatory approaches involve involving women, men, and gender-diverse individuals in the policy-making process. This approach recognizes the importance of community participation in the design and implementation of policies and programs that affect their lives. Participatory approaches can include a range of methods such as focus groups, community meetings, and consultations, and can help to ensure that policy decisions are informed by the needs and perspectives of the affected communities.
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Conclusion
Gender policy and gender analysis are essential tools for promoting gender equality and eliminating gender-based discrimination. Gender analysis helps to identify the specific needs and experiences of women, men, and gender-diverse individuals, and to ensure that their perspectives are reflected in policy design and implementation. While there are challenges and limitations to gender analysis, the benefits of promoting gender equality and eliminating gender-based discrimination are clear. By continuing to integrate gender analysis into policy-making processes, we can work towards a more equitable and just society for all individuals and communities.
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Q 3. Explain strategies for implementing projects and programmes to address gender concerns.
Ans) It is absolutely necessary, in order to advance gender equality and do away with discrimination on the basis of gender, to put into action projects and programmes that address gender concerns. These projects and programmes can take a variety of forms, including education and awareness-raising campaigns, policy reform and institutional transformation, and a host of other possibilities.
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Some of the approaches and strategies that might be taken when putting together projects and programmes to address gender issues are:
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1. Conduct a Gender Analysis: Before implementing any project or program, it is important to conduct a gender analysis to identify the specific needs and experiences of different gender groups. A gender analysis can help to identify the ways in which gender-based discrimination and inequality manifest in different contexts and can inform the development of targeted interventions. The gender analysis can involve data collection, stakeholder consultations, and other forms of research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the gender issues at hand. It can inform the development of a gender-sensitive project/program design that addresses these needs and experiences. This design should also include strategies to overcome the barriers that prevent women, men, and gender-diverse individuals from accessing and benefiting from the project or program.
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2. Develop a Gender-Sensitive Project/Program Design: Based on the results of the gender analysis, it is important to develop a gender-sensitive project/program design that addresses the specific needs and experiences of different gender groups. This design should include strategies to overcome the barriers that prevent women, men, and gender-diverse individuals from accessing and benefiting from the project or program. The design should also include indicators for measuring progress towards gender equality and should be flexible enough to respond to changes in the gender context.
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3. Involve Gender Experts and Advocates: It is important to involve gender experts and advocates in the implementation of projects and programs that address gender concerns. Gender experts can provide technical advice on how to integrate a gender perspective into project/program design, implementation, and monitoring. Gender advocates can help to ensure that the project/program is responsive to the needs and perspectives of different gender groups and can help to mobilize support for gender equality. This helps to ensure that the project/program is responsive to the needs and perspectives of different gender groups. Gender experts can provide technical advice on how to integrate a gender perspective into project/program design, implementation, and monitoring, while gender advocates can help to mobilize support for gender equality.
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4. Build Partnerships with Civil Society: Civil society organizations are important partners in implementing projects and programs that address gender concerns. They often have a deep understanding of the needs and experiences of different gender groups and can help to mobilize communities around gender equality. Building partnerships with civil society organizations can also help to ensure that the project/program is accountable to the needs and perspectives of different gender groups. Building partnerships with civil society organizations can help to ensure that the project/program is accountable to the needs and perspectives of different gender groups. Civil society organizations often have a deep understanding of the needs and experiences of different gender groups and can help to mobilize communities around gender equality.
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5. Provide Gender-Sensitive Capacity Building: Capacity building is essential for ensuring that individuals and institutions have the skills and knowledge to implement gender-sensitive projects and programs. This can involve training on gender analysis, gender-sensitive project/program design, and monitoring and evaluation. Capacity building should be gender-sensitive and should address the specific needs and experiences of different gender groups. providing gender-sensitive capacity building is essential for ensuring that individuals and institutions have the skills and knowledge to implement gender-sensitive projects and programs. This can involve training on gender analysis, gender-sensitive project/program design, and monitoring and evaluation. Capacity building should be gender-sensitive and should address the specific needs and experiences of different gender groups.
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6. Monitor and Evaluate for Gender Equality: Monitoring and evaluation are essential for assessing the impact of projects and programs on gender equality. It is important to develop gender-sensitive indicators for measuring progress towards gender equality and to collect data disaggregated by gender. This data should be used to inform program/project implementation and to identify areas for improvement. It is important to develop gender-sensitive indicators for measuring progress towards gender equality and to collect data disaggregated by gender. This data should be used to inform program/project implementation and to identify areas for improvement.
7. Ensure Gender-Sensitive Implementation: Implementation of gender-sensitive projects and programs requires a commitment to gender equality at all levels of the organization. This includes ensuring that the project/program is responsive to the specific needs and experiences of different gender groups, providing equal opportunities for men and women to participate in the project/program, and addressing gender-based discrimination and harassment. It is important to have clear guidelines for gender-sensitive implementation and to ensure that they are communicated to all stakeholders involved in the project/program. This requires a commitment to gender equality at all levels of the organization. It includes ensuring that the project/program is responsive to the specific needs and experiences of different gender groups, providing equal opportunities for men and women to participate in the project/program, and addressing gender-based discrimination and harassment.
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Conclusion
It is absolutely necessary, in order to advance gender equality and do away with discrimination on the basis of gender, to put into action projects and programmes that address gender concerns. Conducting a gender analysis, developing a gender-sensitive project/program design, involving gender experts and advocates, building partnerships with civil society, providing gender-sensitive capacity building, monitoring and evaluating for gender equality, and ensuring gender-sensitive implementation are all strategies that can be used to implement these projects and programmes. We can work toward creating a society that is fairer and just for all individuals and communities if we incorporate these techniques into the implementation of projects and programmes.
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