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MPS-003: India: Democracy and Development

MPS-003: India: Democracy and Development

IGNOU Solved Assignment Solution for 2023-24

If you are looking for MPS-003 IGNOU Solved Assignment solution for the subject India: Democracy and Development, you have come to the right place. MPS-003 solution on this page applies to 2023-24 session students studying in MPS, MSO, MPA courses of IGNOU.

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Assignment Code: MPS-003/ASST/TMA/2023-24

Course Code: MPS-003

Assignment Name: India: Democracy and Development

Year: 2023-2024

Verification Status: Verified by Professor



Answer five questions in all, selecting at least two questions from each section. Each question is to be answered in about 500 words. Each question carries 20 marks.


SECTION-I


Q1) Elaborate upon the Communist Party of India’s perspective on Independence.

Ans) The Communist Party of India (CPI) played a significant role in India's struggle for independence, offering a unique perspective on the nation's freedom movement. Emerging in the early 1920s, the CPI brought a distinct ideological stance and strategy to the fight against colonial rule.


  1. Marxist Ideology and the CPI's Vision of Independence:

    The CPI's ideology was rooted in Marxism-Leninism, advocating for a class-based revolution against capitalism and imperialism. The party believed that India's independence should not only address political sovereignty but also aim for economic and social transformation to eradicate exploitation, poverty, and inequality.

  2. Critique of the Nationalist Movement:

    The CPI critiqued the dominant nationalist movement led by the Indian National Congress (INC) and Mahatma Gandhi, arguing that it primarily represented the interests of the bourgeoisie and landlord class rather than the broader masses. They saw the nationalist movement as insufficient in addressing the socio-economic issues faced by the working class, peasants, and marginalized sections of society.

  3. Class Struggle and Anti-Imperialism:

    The CPI viewed the struggle for independence as an integral part of the global class struggle against imperialism. They aimed to mobilize the working class and peasantry for a united anti-imperialist movement, emphasizing the need to overthrow the British colonial rulers to achieve true independence.

  4. United Front and Mass Movements:

    The CPI advocated for a united front approach, urging collaboration among various sections of society, including workers, peasants, and progressive intellectuals, to challenge colonial dominance. The party actively participated in mass movements, strikes, and agitations, aiming to build a broad-based alliance against imperialism.

  5. Role in the Freedom Movement:

    The CPI contributed significantly to the freedom struggle through its active participation in various movements, including the Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement, and peasant uprisings. The party's members were involved in organizing strikes, protests, and land struggles, often facing repression from colonial authorities.

  6. Post-Independence Perspectives:

    After India gained independence in 1947, the CPI continued its efforts to advance the cause of socialism and workers' rights. However, the party faced challenges, including ideological differences within the broader communist movement and tensions with the ruling government, which led to periods of suppression and ban on the party.


In essence, the Communist Party of India brought a distinct class-based perspective to the struggle for independence. It sought not only political freedom from colonial rule but also aimed for a more radical transformation of society, advocating for the rights and welfare of the working class, peasants, and marginalized communities in the quest for a more egalitarian and just independent India.


Q2) “The judiciary is the most significant institution for protecting the rights and interests of citizens.” Comment.

Ans) The judiciary indeed holds a pivotal role in safeguarding the rights and interests of citizens within a democratic society. Its significance lies in its ability to interpret and uphold the constitution, adjudicate disputes, and ensure the rule of law prevails, thereby securing the fundamental rights and liberties of individuals. Here’s an in-depth examination of why the judiciary stands as the most significant institution in this regard:

  1. Guardian of the Constitution:

    The judiciary acts as the custodian of the constitution, ensuring that all laws and governmental actions align with the constitutional provisions. It exercises the power of judicial review to strike down laws that violate constitutional rights, preserving the basic structure of the constitution and preventing any abuse of power by the legislature or executive.

  2. Protection of Fundamental Rights:

    Fundamental rights, the bedrock of a democracy, are safeguarded by the judiciary. Courts are empowered to protect these rights, including the right to equality, freedom of speech, right to life and personal liberty, and others, ensuring that they are not encroached upon by the state or any other entity.

  3. Ensuring Access to Justice:

    The judiciary offers an accessible forum for citizens to seek redressal for grievances. It ensures justice is not only done but also seen to be done. The independence of the judiciary from external influences, along with its commitment to fairness and impartiality, provides a platform for resolving disputes and upholding the rule of law.

  4. Check on Executive and Legislative Actions:

    It acts as a check on the executive and legislative branches of the government by reviewing their actions and ensuring they remain within the bounds of the law and the constitution. This prevents any abuse of power, protects against arbitrariness, and maintains a system of checks and balances.

  5. Protecting the Rights of the Vulnerable:

    The judiciary plays a crucial role in protecting the rights of marginalized and vulnerable sections of society, ensuring that they receive equal treatment and justice. Landmark judgments have been delivered by courts in cases related to gender equality, environmental protection, labor rights, and more, significantly impacting societal norms and policies.

  6. Promoting Rule of Law and Public Trust:

    By upholding the rule of law and ensuring justice is delivered fairly, the judiciary strengthens public trust in the legal system. This trust is crucial for maintaining social cohesion and a functioning democracy.


Q3) Examine the circumstances and factors contributing to India’s centralisation of federal powers.

Ans) India's centralization of federal powers has been influenced by various historical, political, and administrative factors.


Several circumstances and elements have contributed to this trend:

  1. Colonial Legacy: India inherited a centralized administrative structure from its colonial past. The British established a unitary system of governance that centralized power in key areas, laying the foundation for a centralized state structure.

  2. Constitutional Design: The Indian Constitution, while federal in nature, contains provisions that tilt the balance towards centralization. The Union List, which contains subjects exclusively under the jurisdiction of the central government, is extensive compared to the State List and Concurrent List, giving the Union government more control over crucial areas like defense, finance, and communication.

  3. Emergency Provisions: The Constitution allows for the declaration of a national emergency, which considerably centralizes power in the hands of the Union government, suspending the federal structure temporarily.

  4. Economic and Administrative Considerations: Economic planning and the need for uniform policies in diverse regions have led to the central government assuming more control. In various policy domains like taxation, infrastructure development, and national security, the Center plays a predominant role.

  5. Inter-State Disputes and National Unity: The need to maintain national unity and integrity amidst linguistic, cultural, and regional diversities has inclined the government towards centralization to avoid potential secessionist tendencies or conflicts among states.

  6. Financial Dependency: States often rely heavily on the central government for financial resources, grants, and aid. This reliance can inadvertently enhance the central government's authority over states.

  7. Political Leadership and Stability: Strong leadership at the center, coupled with a stable government, tends to consolidate power at the federal level.

  8. Security Concerns: National security, defense, and foreign policy are primarily centralized to ensure a unified and cohesive approach in dealing with external threats and international relations.


While the Indian federal structure envisions a distribution of powers between the center and the states, various factors have contributed to a gradual centralization of authority over time. However, India's federal structure continues to evolve, with efforts to strike a balance between decentralization and centralization to accommodate regional aspirations while maintaining national unity and integrity.


SECTION-II


Q6) What is a market economy? Analyse its benefits and drawbacks.

Ans) A market economy is an economic system where decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution of goods and services are determined primarily by the forces of supply and demand in the marketplace. In a market economy, the allocation of resources, pricing mechanisms, and production levels are guided by interactions between buyers and sellers, without significant intervention from the government.


Benefits of a Market Economy

  1. Efficiency: Market economies promote efficiency through competition. Businesses strive to produce goods and services more efficiently to attract customers, leading to innovation, cost reduction, and higher productivity.

  2. Consumer Choice: Market economies offer consumers a wide array of choices. Competition among producers leads to diverse products, quality improvements, and customization, allowing consumers to find goods that best suit their needs and preferences.

  3. Incentives for Innovation: The profit motive in a market economy encourages innovation and technological advancements. Companies invest in research and development to create better products, processes, and technologies to gain a competitive edge.

  4. Resource Allocation: Market economies tend to allocate resources based on demand. Resources flow toward areas where there is higher demand, optimizing the allocation of labor, capital, and goods.


Drawbacks of a Market Economy

  1. Income Inequality: Market economies may exacerbate income inequality. While competition drives innovation and growth, it can also concentrate wealth among a small percentage of the population, widening the income gap.

  2. Externalities: Market economies often fail to consider external costs or benefits, such as environmental pollution or social welfare. Negative externalities like pollution are often not accounted for in market transactions, leading to societal costs.

  3. Market Failures: Markets may fail to provide certain goods and services that are not profitable but are essential, such as public goods (e.g., national defense) or addressing social issues like healthcare or education for all.

  4. Business Cycles: Market economies are susceptible to economic fluctuations and business cycles. Periods of boom and bust can lead to unemployment, market crashes, and economic instability.

  5. Under provision of Merit Goods: Market economies may underprovide goods that are considered socially desirable, like education or healthcare, leading to disparities in access based on income levels.


Q7) Analyse the economic consequences of liberalisation in India.

Ans) The liberalization of the Indian economy, which began in the early 1990s, brought about significant changes in various sectors and had several economic consequences:

  1. Growth in GDP: Liberalization led to an increase in India's GDP growth rate. The removal of many restrictions and the opening of the economy attracted foreign investment and technology, stimulating economic growth.

  2. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Liberalization allowed greater FDI inflows into various sectors, leading to increased capital inflows, technology transfer, and the establishment of joint ventures. This helped modernize industries and improve infrastructure.

  3. Trade Liberalization: Reduction of trade barriers through tariff reductions and trade reforms enhanced India's participation in global trade. It facilitated the export of goods and services, contributing to economic growth.

  4. Industrial Growth: Liberalization led to the dismantling of the License Raj and reduced bureaucratic hurdles for setting up businesses. This encouraged entrepreneurship, increased competition, and resulted in the growth of industries.

  5. Service Sector Growth: Liberalization played a significant role in the growth of the service sector, particularly IT and IT-enabled services. India emerged as a global hub for software services and back-office operations, leading to job creation and foreign exchange earnings.

  6. Financial Sector Reforms: Liberalization brought changes in the financial sector by allowing private and foreign banks, deregulating interest rates, and introducing capital market reforms. This led to increased competition, better financial services, and improved access to credit.

  7. Urbanization and Infrastructure Development: Liberalization attracted investment in infrastructure projects, contributing to urbanization and improving transportation, telecommunications, and other key facilities.

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