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MSWE-002: Women and Child Development

MSWE-002: Women and Child Development

IGNOU Solved Assignment Solution for 2022-23

If you are looking for MSWE-002 IGNOU Solved Assignment solution for the subject Women and Child Development, you have come to the right place. MSWE-002 solution on this page applies to 2022-23 session students studying in MSW, MACSR courses of IGNOU.

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Assignment Code: MSWE-002/TMA/2022-23

Course Code: MSWE-002

Assignment Name: Women and Child Development

Year: 2022-2023

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

 

Answer all the five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Answers to question no. 1 and 2 should not exceed 600 words each

 

Q1) Discuss the role of social worker in childcare settings with suitable examples? 20

Ans) The role of social worker in childcare settings includes the following:

 

Foster Care

Fostering is the process of caring for and raising a child in a home where neither of the child's parents reside. Fostering is by definition a very old notion, as it is likely that the orphaned or abandoned infant was cared for by neighbours, friends, or other tribe members from the very beginning. At fostering as a more organised action that is planned, orchestrated, and overseen by a child welfare organisation that is legally created.

 

Residential Care

In social work, the focus is firmly on addressing the underlying cause of the condition. A growing child requires food, clothing, and shelter, which are all fundamental and evident components of residential care. It was understood in the nineteenth century that education was necessary for children as well if they were to eventually keep their place in society. The provision of food, clothes, shelter, education, and moral training remains the responsibility of the homes despite all the changes in ideas that time has brought.

 

Adoption

When the biological parents of a kid are unable to raise them, the child may be placed for adoption. Adoption applicants must inform the local authority of their intent to adopt in order to proceed. When an adoption application is made to the court, the court names a guardian ad litem, who is typically a social worker.

 

School Social Work

Social workers help children acclimate to school. Truancy, academic failure, timid, fearful, withdrawn, or violent behaviour are symptoms. Theft, drug use, fighting, grumpiness, inability to have a good relationship with classmates or submit to authority figures, or special treatment demands are also red flags. Other students often suffer from the misfit. The social worker observes the child in class before talking to the teacher and principal. The social worker consults the school nurse, attendance officer, social worker, and child. Conversations with kids can change their behaviour. After meeting with the child, the school social worker usually contacts the parents to solicit their cooperation.

 

Juvenile Homes

Since 1947, India has shown tremendous interest in child welfare. The Indian Constitution guarantees women and children special protection. 1986: Juvenile Justice Act passed. This law aimed to bring the country's Juvenile Justice System in line with the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, 1985. It was also meant to establish a unified legal foundation for Juvenile Justice so no child is ever locked up. The Juvenile Justice Act envisions separate machinery for the protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of juveniles.

 

Children with Disabilities

A family may experience extreme trauma and upheaval upon the birth of a handicapped child. That is the predominant approach taken by researchers and the professionals involved in the field. As a result, it has typically been considered that in addition to the right knowledge and helpful advice, parents also require professional counselling in order to get over the loss, sadness, and mourning they experience as a result of not being able to have a healthy child. A disabled child is weak and more susceptible to abuse in various forms, such as neglect, physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. Children with disabilities are just as likely as other kids to experience all of these things, and they could do so for various reasons in certain cases.

 

Q2) Discuss the various programmes for women's development in India?

Ans) The various programmes for women's development in India are as follows:

 

Mahila Samakhya

According to K.K. Khullar, the Mahila Samakhya is a women's movement that has transformed the lives of women in 14000 villages throughout 60 districts in nine different states: Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Bihar, Assam, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttaranchal. It got its start in response to the 1992 Programme of Action for the National Policy on Education from 1986. In addition to women's non-formal education, it now focuses on governance, human rights, and health issues with the goal of empowering women to bring about a society that is gender-just. This plan has also inspired women in other states to fight for causes that are important to them.

 

Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP)

To increase the productivity and income of poor and assetless women working in traditional industries like agriculture, animal husbandry, dairying, fisheries, handicrafts, khadi and village industries, sericulture, social forestry, and wasteland development, this programme was established in 1987. Along with access to credit, a whole range of services are offered, including health care, elementary education, childcare facilities, market connections, etc.

 

Hostels for Working Women

Under this programme, non-governmental organisations, cooperative bodies, and other groups working in the areas of women's social welfare, women's education, etc. get financial support for the development of Working Women's Hostels. It entails offering working women, women pursuing careers in the workforce, and female students safe and affordable hostel housing.

 

Swadhar: A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances

For the benefit of women in difficult situations, the Ministry launched this programme in 2001-2002 with the following goals: to meet the basic needs of marginalised women and girls living in difficult situations for shelter, food, clothing, and care; to offer emotional support and counselling to such women; to rehabilitate them socially and economically through education, awareness, skill up-grading, and personality development through behaviour.

 

Prevention of Trafficking of Women and Children for Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Human trafficking is an organised crime that infringes on all fundamental human rights. India is now a source, transit country, and destination nation. In India, there are thought to be three million sex workers, of which 40% are youngsters, some as young as ten. The majority of the time, these victims are sold into brothels where they are repeatedly abused, violently assaulted, and exploited by the criminals who trafficked them using techniques like duping, enticing, fake marriages, abduction, kidnapping, and manipulating social and economic vulnerabilities.

 

Scheme for Relief and Rehabbilitation of Victims of Rape

The Criminal Injuries Relief and Rehabilitation Board will be established in each district under the provisions of the 2005 Scheme for Relief and Rehabilitation of Victims of Rape, and District Monitoring Committees will be responsible for providing victims of rape with shelter, protection, legal and medical assistance, as well as other rehabilitative measures.

 

Swawlamban

The Swawlamban scheme, formerly known as Norwegian Agency for International Development/Women's Economic Programme, was established in 1982–1983 with the goal of assisting women from underprivileged backgrounds, including those from Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, in finding stable employment or self-employment. The State Women's Development Corporations are the focal points for the program's implementation, which is mostly done through non-profits in the States.

 

Reproductive and Child Health Programme (RCH)

One of the main goals of India's Family Welfare Program has been to promote maternal and child health. In October 1997, the current Reproductive and Child Health Programme was introduced. The Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program's components are included in the RCH Program, along with one more regarding sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive tract infections.

 

Q3) Answer any two of the following questions in about 300 words each: 10x2

 

a) State the factors responsible for poor female literate rate in India?

Ans) Worldwide, women make up about half of the population. However, because they were denied equal opportunity in various places of the world, the hegemonic male ideology caused them a great deal of suffering. India's entire development is greatly impacted by the education of women there. It not only contributes to the growth of half of the human resources, but also raises standards of living both within and outside the family. In addition to encouraging their girl children's education, educated women are better able to guide their entire family.

 

Women with education can also contribute to population increase and a decline in new-born mortality. Poor female literacy rates have historically been linked to a number of variables, including:

  1. Gender-based discrimination

  2. Economic exploitation and social discrimination.

  3. Girl child engaged in household chores.

  4. Low number of girls enrolled in schools.

  5. High dropout and low retention rates.

The government's primary initiatives to increase female literacy in the nation include:

  1. National Literacy Mission for imparting functional literacy

  2. Universalization of Elementary Education

  3. Non-Formal Education

 

In Kerala, only 12.4% of the female population is illiterate, compared to 45.8% nationally. With 67.2 percent, Rajasthan has the highest proportion of female illiteracy. The literacy difference between men and women has shrunk from 24.84 percent in 1991 to 21.59 percent in 2001. The smallest gap is found in Mizoram, followed by Meghalaya and Kerala. Results from the provisional Indian Census from 2001 show that there is still a difference in literacy rates between men and women. For instance, only 42.98 percent of women are estimated to be literate in Uttar Pradesh, compared to 70.23 percent of men.

 

b) Discuss the welfare programmes for development of girls in India?

Ans) This denies females the right to an education and permits child marriage in rural regions even though it is forbidden nationally. The Indian government has developed a number of programmes to assist parents in educating their daughter's children in order to address these challenges and increase awareness of the value of educating girls.


Here are 4 government programmes in India that support the welfare of girls:

  1. Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana: The Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana was established in 2015 to advance the wellbeing of young girls. It encourages parents to save money and invest in order to cover the costs of the girl's children's future education and marriage.

  2. Balika Samriddhi Yojana: Another programme run by the national government to assist females in poor groups of society is the Balika Samriddhi Yojana. This programme guarantees that girls are enrolled and continue to attend primary and secondary schools. It seeks to make a girl's child prosperous and to give them access to higher-quality education. The girl's child must come from a family that is below the poverty line in order to be eligible for the benefits of the Balika Samriddhi Yojana.

  3. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: The most well-known of the girl's child welfare programmes is Beti Bachao Beti Padhao. Under various guises, this plan is supported by numerous colleges and universities. Some colleges offer cost reductions for the registration and admission of female students in an effort to encourage enrolment in higher education. Literally meaning "Save the Girl Child, Educate the Girl Child," this programme honours female youngsters. It supports women's empowerment and the development of a welcoming environment for it. The goal of this plan is to ensure the protection of girls' unborn children.

  4. Ladli Scheme: The Ministry of Child and Women's Development of the state of Haryana sponsored this programme. In Haryana, which is mostly a male-dominated state, many people view the birth of a girl as a bad omen. This programme was started to remove the shame associated with the birth of a girl. To enhance the state's sex ratio and provide quality educational opportunities for women throughout the state, this plan entails raising awareness about protecting girls.

 

Q4) Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each: 5x4

 

a) Discuss about 'Millennium Development Goals'?

Ans) The Millennium Summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history, adopted the UN Millennium Declaration in September 2000, pledging their countries to a new global partnership to end extreme poverty and outlining a number of time-bound goals with a deadline of 2015. These goals have since come to be known as the Millennium Development Goals. The eight Millennium Development Goals are to end extreme poverty and hunger, make primary education accessible to all people, advance gender equality and women's empowerment, decrease child mortality, enhance maternal health, fight HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, and create a global partnership for development.

 

The UN Member States have promised to try to accomplish all eight of the Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015. World leaders agreed to fight against poverty, hunger, sickness, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women when they signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration in September 2000. This Declaration serves as the basis for the MDGs. Each MDG has targets for 2015 as well as indicators to track improvement since 1990.

 

b) List the factors responsible for children living on the street?

Ans) The factors responsible for children living on the street are as follows:

 

  1. Socio-Structural Causes: Street children are a result of both industry and urbanisation. Migrants flee to the streets after being uprooted from the only place they knew and could call home.

  2. Economic Causes: The economic pressures are frequently more obvious and observable than many other pressures, such as geographic, social, cultural, and political pressures that can push a youngster into the streets.

  3. School Dropout: In India, the dropout rate is relatively high. Numerous street kids have dropped out of school.

  4. Natural Calamities: Natural disasters like floods, droughts, earthquakes, etc. frequently displace and split apart families.

  5. Cruelty and Abuse: Today, many parents still discipline their kids by beating them with belts, canes, rods, and other archaic ways.

  6. Neglect

  7. Peer Group Influence

  8. Influence of Media (films and television): The media has a big part to play in persuading kids to leave home. They overemphasise how thrilling, adventurous, and thoroughly enjoyable city living is while failing to realistically highlight any drawbacks.

 

c) Describe the welfare programmes for children in India?

Ans) The welfare programmes for children in India are as follows:

  1. Services for Integrated Child Development programme was implemented in 1975.

  2. Children of Working Mothers' Programme was implemented in 2006.

  3. This programme, known as the Child Health and Reproductive Programme, was implemented in 1951.

  4. The Pulse Polio Immunization Program was established in 1995. In India, the primary goal was to eradicate poliomyelitis.

  5. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan programme started operating in 2001. The emphasis was on elementary education with a primary concentration on education for life in order to provide sufficient quality.

  6. In 2004, Cassandra Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya programme went into effect.

  7. Mid-Day Meal Plan was implemented in 1995. It supported underprivileged kids who belonged to underprivileged groups.

  8. This programme, known as the Integrated Program for Street Children, was implemented in 1993. The purpose was to offer food, shelter, sanitation, medical attention, and hygiene supplies.

  9. The National Rural Health Mission is a programme that was implemented in 2005. Services targeting women's and children's health, universal immunisation, etc. received the majority of attention.

 

d) Discuss the constitutional safeguards for children in brief.

Ans) The constitutional safeguards for children are:

  1. Every kid in the age range of 6 to 14 has the right to a free, required basic education (Article 21A).

  2. Right to protection from engaging in any risky work till the age of 14 (Article 24).

  3. Right to be shielded from abuse and from being coerced by economic necessity into jobs that are inappropriate for their physical condition (Article 39(e)).

  4. Right to equal chances and resources for healthy development in an environment of freedom and dignity, as well as protection for children and young people against exploitation and abandonment on both a moral and material level (Article 39(f)).

  5. All children have the legal right to early childhood care and education up until the age of six (Article 45).


 

Q5) Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each: 4x5

 

a) Rag pickers

Ans) Rag picking and other forms of scrap collection are not new, particularly in industrial areas and big cities. They influence the metropolitan economy. The recycling of these wastes is essential to many production firms. Most of the time, women and children work in the most unsanitary conditions collecting scrap. There are over 50 lakh scrap collectors in the nation, according to estimates. If workers at recycling facilities and scrapyards are included, the number is far higher. In the hierarchy of urban informal employment, waste picking comes in last. Because they are unable to find alternative employment, illiterates, uneducated people, illegal aliens, and the lowest of the impoverished are forced into this occupation.

 

b) Psychological Empowerment

Ans) Women frequently minimise their own status in society and their economic contribution in Third World nations. Even though they may be involved in three or more income-generating and productive activities to help support their family, the majority of rural women will respond that they have no occupation when asked. The feeling of learned helplessness among women needs to be reversed, according to Udegbe, who also acknowledges that empowerment must be viewed as a psychological process of transformation. This will increase women's knowledge, capacity, self-confidence, high self-esteem, and self-reliance, which will ultimately lead to their well-being.

 

c) Child Marriages

Ans) Even though the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed back in 1929, child weddings still occur today. Three of the 78 similar cases that have been documented in 2008 come from the state of Rajasthan. 45 percent of women between the ages of 20 and 24 who got married did so before the legal marriage age of 18. Seven years ago, this percentage was 50%. There are significant differences in this number between States, according to the NFHS-2 Report. In Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Rajasthan, about half of women aged 25 to 49 wed before turning 15. In Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Rajasthan, about four out of every five women were married before they were the minimum legal age of 18.

 

d) Nutrition

Ans) An organism uses food to sustain its life through a biochemical and physiological process known as nutrition. It gives living things nutrition that can be processed to produce energy and chemical building blocks. Malnutrition results from insufficient dietary intake. Although it frequently focuses on human nutrition, nutritional science is the study of nutrition. What nutrients an organism needs and how it gets them depends on the type of creature. Consuming organic or inorganic material, absorbing light, or a combination of these is how organisms gain nutrients. While some must devour other species in order to receive pre-existing nutrients, others can manufacture nutrients internally by ingesting fundamental materials. All life forms require several chemicals, including carbon, energy, and water.

 

e) Immunization

Ans) To lower new-born and child mortality, all children must receive vaccinations against the six illnesses that can be prevented by vaccines: tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, and measles. Fully vaccinated children are those who have gotten three doses of DPT and three doses of polio vaccine, as well as vaccinations against measles, polio, and tuberculosis. NFHS-3 provides information on the total vaccination programme coverage as well as data for both rural and urban areas. All vaccines BCG, polio, DPT, and measles have a far from universal rate of vaccination coverage. In urban areas, the national immunisation coverage has marginally decreased, from 61% in 1998–1999 to 58% in 2005–2006. For the same time period, it marginally grew in rural areas, rising from 37% to 39%.

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